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    Cuban policosanol: a natural compound for ischemic stroke treatment
    Stroke is among the leading causes of mortality and disability; therefore, it constitutes a relevant health problem. Cuban policosanol presents lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, antioxidant and vascular...
    Vivian Molina Cuevas, Ambar Oyarzábal Yera
    Published: February 26, 2024 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2024.00037
    Viewed:263
    Downloaded:11
    Open Access
    Review
    Current state of knowledge on the centrifugal visual system (including the pinealo-to-retinal connection) in mammals and its hypothesized role in circadian rhythms
    The ubiquity of circadian rhythms in living organisms has generally been accepted by researchers over the last century. Indeed, morphology and molecular biology of the circadian clock were described...
    Viktória Vereczki ... Ágnes Csáki
    Published: February 22, 2024 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2024.00036
    Viewed:285
    Downloaded:9
    Open Access
    Original Article
    Antinociceptive effect and anti-inflammatory activity of 1,4-naphthoquinones in mice
    Aim: The ability of synthetic 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) to prevent adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced and purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) mediated inflammation in macrophage and neurodegen...
    Sergei Kozlovskiy ... Dmitry Aminin
    Published: February 22, 2024 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2024.00035
    Viewed:274
    Downloaded:12
    Open Access
    Review
    A mechanism for tuning proprioception proposed by research in Drosophila and mammals
    Proprioception provides important sensory feedback regarding the position of an animal’s body and limbs in space. This interacts with a central pattern generator responsible for rhythmic movement,...
    Iain Hunter
    Published: February 21, 2024 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2024.00034
    Viewed:306
    Downloaded:14
    Open Access
    Review
    Connecting the ends: signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases and cytoskeletal degradation in neurodegeneration
    Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are known to perform versatile roles in disease landscapes, which determine the fate of the cell. Although much has been discussed from the perspective of proliferat...
    Priyanka Sengupta ... Debashis Mukhopadhyay
    Published: February 20, 2024 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2024.00033
    Viewed:448
    Downloaded:18
    Open Access
    Review
    Emerging therapies of hemangioblastomas
    Hemangioblastoma are benign, vascularized cranial tumors caused by autosomal dominant inherited von Hippel-Lindau disease or can appear sporadically. This review will investigate current and emergin...
    Chaitanya Sanghadia ... Brandon Lucke-Wold
    Published: December 29, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00031
    Viewed:511
    Downloaded:16
    Open Access
    Review
    Psychology of bipolar depression: revisiting past and present researches, prospects ahead, and moving toward future directions
    Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent depression, mania, and hypomania episodes. The interaction of psychological, neuropsychological, and neurobiol...
    Behrooz Afshari
    Published: December 29, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00032
    Viewed:559
    Downloaded:22
    Open Access
    Mini Review
    Neuroprotective compounds from three common medicinal plants of West Bengal, India: a mini review
    Neural disorders refer to conditions of the nervous system due to infection or degeneration of the neurons leading to either neurodegenerative disorder or neuropsychiatric disorder. Some such disord...
    Suvendu Ghosh ... Debosree Ghosh
    Published: December 26, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00030
    Viewed:569
    Downloaded:21
    Open Access
    Review
    Interventional procedures for refractory neuropathic pain
    Neuropathic pain is an increasingly common disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Refractory pain poses a significant impact on patients’ quality of life, financial and economic stab...
    Hannah G. Matejowsky ... Alan D. Kaye
    Published: December 22, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00028
    Viewed:527
    Downloaded:16
    Open Access
    Review
    Neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic system
    The circadian rhythm is a critical system that governs an organism’s functions in alignment with the light-dark cycle. Melatonin release from the pineal gland plays a crucial role in regulating th...
    Utku Aykan ... Canan Uluoglu
    Published: December 22, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00029
    Viewed:501
    Downloaded:18
    Open Access
    Original Article
    Carotid endarterectomy compared with carotid artery stenting for extracranial carotid artery stenosis: a retrospective single-centre study
    Aim: One of the main risk factors for an ischemic stroke is significant carotid artery stenosis, and extracranial severe carotid artery stenosis accounts for 20% of ischemic strokes. Prior to the...
    Oğuzhan Birdal ... M. Hakan Taş
    Published: December 14, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00027
    Viewed:450
    Downloaded:10
    Open Access
    Review
    Stigma and psychosocial problems in patients with epilepsy
    Epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder, is characterized by chronic seizures resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Adequate medical treatment allows roughly 70% of patients ...
    Kubra Yeni
    Published: December 06, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00026
    Viewed:791
    Downloaded:26
    Open Access
    Mini Review
    Nutritional treatment with the ketogenic diet in children with refractory epilepsy: a narrative review
    The two mainstays of therapy for refractory epilepsy are medication and surgery. Child behavioral and cognitive aspects of epilepsy can be improved by using a specialized dietary regimen such as the...
    Srilaxmi Vityala ... Swathi Nenavath
    Published: October 30, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00025
    Viewed:2269
    Downloaded:611
    Open Access
    Review
    Investigation into the vascular contributors to dementia and the associated treatments
    As the average lifespan has increased, memory disorders have become a more pressing public health concern. However, dementia in the elderly population is often neglected in light of other health pri...
    Caroline Grace Davidson ... Brandon Lucke-Wold
    Published: October 15, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00023
    Viewed:731
    Downloaded:27
    Open Access
    Original Article
    Estimation of the allelic status of apolipoprotein E4 isoforms with fully automated LUMIPULSE® assays
    Aim: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) isoforms, especially the ApoE4 isoform, are genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover, the APOE ε4 haplotype has a dose-dependent association wit...
    Tatsushi Yuri ... Hisashi Nojima
    Published: October 16, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00024
    Viewed:691
    Downloaded:26
    Open Access
    Review
    Sleep disorders contribute to the development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
    Life is the highest form of adaptation to the environment which is based on energy metabolism. To maintain life, the neuromuscular system must constantly interact with the environment. The striatal ...
    Janusz Wiesław Błaszczyk
    Published: October 08, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00022
    Viewed:703
    Downloaded:16
    Open Access
    Review
    Negative environmental influences on the developing brain mediated by epigenetic modifications
    Brain development, a complex process, consisting of several phases, starting as early as two weeks after conception, and continuing through childhood till early adolescence, is crucial for the devel...
    Maya Komar-Fletcher ... Joanna Michalina Jurek
    Published: September 28, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00021
    Viewed:786
    Downloaded:27
    Open Access
    Review
    Multiple sclerosis with comorbidity depression and its association with vitamin D deficiency in a narrative review of the current literature
    Over the past decade, knowledge of the pathophysiology and immunology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression, and the complex links to vitamin D (VitD) balance, has increased rapidly. Both diseas...
    Hans-Klaus Goischke
    Published: August 31, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00020
    Viewed:668
    Downloaded:22
    Open Access
    Review
    Modify gut microbiome in autism: a promising strategy?
    The gut microbiota and dysbiosis have been implicated in various metabolic diseases and gastrointestinal disorders. Recently, there has been growing evidence suggesting the influence of gut microbio...
    Jean Demarquoy ... Caroline Demarquoy
    Published: August 31, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00018
    Viewed:531
    Downloaded:19
    Open Access
    Case Report
    Covered stent graft for treatment of carotid artery stenosis with post-stenotic aneurysm
    Several bare metals, self-expanding stents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat carotid stenosis, but no covered stents have been particularly examined or approved f...
    Mosaad Soliman ... Reem Soliman
    Published: August 31, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00019
    Viewed:460
    Downloaded:16
    Open Access
    Review
    Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in Parkinson’s disease
    Globally, the incidence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasing faster than other neurodegenerative disorders. Neuropathologically, PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the...
    Michelli Ramires Teixeira ... Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
    Published: June 29, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00016
    Viewed:886
    Downloaded:34
    Open Access
    Review
    Circadian regulation of the immune-hematopoietic system
    Earth’s rotation generates the basic circadian rhythm of day and night to which all living organisms must adapt to survive. In mammals, this happens thanks to a central clock located in the suprac...
    Georges Maestroni
    Published: June 30, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00017
    Viewed:851
    Downloaded:37
    Open Access
    Perspective
    Mesenchymal stem cell stroke therapy: current limitations in its clinical translation
    For more than a decade now, research studies, proof of concept work, and clinical trials have endeavored to understand how mesenchymal stem cells might be used to help protect, repair, and/or regene...
    Ylenia Pastorello, Mark Slevin
    Published: June 28, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00015
    Viewed:714
    Downloaded:27
    Open Access
    Review
    Inflammatory responses involved in post-cardiac arrest brain injury: mechanisms, regulation, and therapeutic potential
    Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of post-cardiac arrest (CA) brain injury. Innate immune cells sense a variety of danger signals through pattern-recognition receptors and evoke...
    Yuzhen Zhang ... Kaibin Huang
    Published: April 26, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00014
    Viewed:903
    Downloaded:46
    Open Access
    Review
    Metabolic correction of neurodegenerative pathologies: the role of macronutrients and timing
    Despite decades of intensive research, effective treatment and prevention strategies for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) remain elusive. This review focuses on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s dise...
    Yuri Zilberter, Tanya Zilberter
    Published: April 21, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00013
    Viewed:1361
    Downloaded:43
    Open Access
    Original Article
    The effect of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha-inhibitor etanercept on microglial activation patients with mild cognitive impairment—a PET study
    Aim: Microglial activation is increasingly recognised as a factor in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may be modified by systemic inflammatory signals including serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The aim was to investigate whether blockade of peripheral TNF-α with peripheral inhibitors such as etanercept reduces microglial activation in prodromal AD. ...
    Alexander Gerhard ... Clive Holmes
    Published: March 26, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00012
    Viewed:864
    Downloaded:35
    Open Access
    Editorial
    Treatment concept successfully translated into human patients
    Dirk M. Hermann
    Published: February 28, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00011
    Viewed:589
    Downloaded:18
    Open Access
    Systematic Review
    Genetic plasma biomarkers associated with ischemic stroke
    Aim: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Plasma biomarkers have long been used to evaluate physiological or pathological processes and to make predictions about...
    Mihai Andrei Ruscu ... Aurel Popa-Wagner
    Published: February 26, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00010
    Viewed:829
    Downloaded:28
    Open Access
    Review
    Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations
    Astrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. These tumors all originate from the astrocyte, a star-shaped glial cell that plays a major role in...
    Matthew Willman ... Brandon Lucke-Wold
    Published: February 23, 2023 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00009
    Viewed:1100
    Downloaded:34
    Open Access
    Review
    Updates in mechanical thrombectomy
    Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The advent of mechanical thrombectomy has largely improved patient outcomes. This article reviews the features and outcomes associated with aspi...
    Kevin Pierre ... Brandon Lucke-Wold
    Published: December 30, 2022 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2022.00007
    Viewed:1757
    Downloaded:51
    Open Access
    Review
    Cellular and molecular mechanisms of stress-induced memory impairment
    Exposure to stressful conditions plays a critical role in brain processes, including neural plasticity, synaptic transmission, and cognitive functions. Since memory-related brain regions, the hippocampus (Hip), the amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex, express high glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), these areas are the potential targets of stress hormones. Stress affects memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval, which may depend on many factors such as the type, duration, the intensity of the stressor or the brain region. Here, this review mainly focused on the mechanisms involved in stress-induced memory impairment. Acute/chronic stress induces structural and functional changes in neurons and glial cells. Dendritic arborization, reduction of dendritic spine density, and alteration in glutamatergic-mediated synaptic transmission via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are mechanisms that stress affect long-term memory formation. Exposure to acute or chronic stress could interplay with multiple neurotransmitter signaling, modulating the neuronal circuits involved in memory impairment or state-dependent learning. Stress hormones also modulate the expression of microRNAs in the specific brain regions responsible for stress-induced behaviors. Because of expressing GRs in astrocytes and microglial cells, stress could affect the morphology, structure, and functions of these glial cells in memory-related brain regions. Astrocytes play a crucial role in stress-induced aversive or fear memory formation. Over-activation of the microglial cells enhances the release of inflammatory cytokines, which results in neuronal injury. Stress has a prominent role in cognitive decline to induces memory problems, particularly in older adults. Due to the issue’s importance, here the provided overview attempted to address the question of how stress alters neuronal epigenetic regulators, synaptic transmissions, and glial activity in the brain....
    Ameneh Rezayof ... Shiva Hashemizadeh
    Published: December 30, 2022 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2022.00008
    Viewed:834
    Downloaded:43
    Open Access
    Perspective
    Should we rethink neurodegeneration?
    The therapy of many neurological disorders has advanced markedly during recent decades. Not so for neurodegenerative disorders. Early detection, deep individual genotyping and phenotyping, and perso...
    Jussi O. T. Sipilä
    Published: December 26, 2022 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2022.00006
    Viewed:623
    Downloaded:22
    Open Access
    Review
    Neuroprotective and neurorestorative actions of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in the ischemic brain
    Ischemic stroke is a highly prevalent condition that frequently results in life-long disability and death. Considerable efforts have been made to establish treatments that prevent secondary ischemic...
    Chen Wang ... Dirk M. Hermann
    Published: October 09, 2022 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2022.00005
    Viewed:1587
    Downloaded:48
    Open Access
    Review
    Impact of circadian clock dysfunction on human health
    All living organisms exhibit circadian rhythms. Humans show circadian rhythm of the different physiological functions such as sleep-wake cycle, core body temperature, feeding behavior, metabolic act...
    Saptadip Samanta, Sk Asif Ali
    Published: September 29, 2022 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2022.00002
    Viewed:1874
    Downloaded:68
    Open Access
    Review
    Neuregulins: subcellular localization, signaling pathways and their relationship with neuroplasticity and neurological diseases
    Neuregulins (NRGs) and their cognate ErbB receptors (ErbB2–ErbB4) constitute a vast group of proteins encoded by six different genes (NRG16) and many isoforms with critical ...
    Marines Longart ... Juan Carlos Martínez
    Published: September 29, 2022 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2022.00003
    Viewed:1109
    Downloaded:39
    Open Access
    Perspective
    Recent developments and future perspectives of neuropathology
    This brief statement describes some recent achievements of neuropathological research, with the focus on Alzheimer’s and other age-related diseases, neurodegenerative disorders (tauopathies, synucleinopathies), multimorbidity of the aged brain, multiple sclerosis (MS), and other neuroinflammatory disorders, including central nervous system involvement by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as new developments in neurovascular diseases, neurooncology, and myopathies. Although neuropathology, using modern technologies, such as cryo-electron microscopy, proteomic and experimental methods, has helped to increase diagnostic accuracy and provided insight into the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders, future studies in co-operation with clinical and other neurosciences should overcome the challenges of disease-influencing therapeutic approaches. ...
    Kurt A. Jellinger
    Published: September 30, 2022 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2022.00004
    Viewed:1583
    Downloaded:48
    Open Access
    Editorial
    Cutting edges in neuroscience to exceed borders
    Dirk M. Hermann
    Published: September 01, 2022 Explor Neurosci. DOI: 10.37349/en.2022.00001
    Viewed:1074
    Downloaded:44