• Special Issue Topic

    Autoantibodies Associated to Thrombosis and Hemostasis

    Submission Deadline: February 28, 2023

    Guest Editor

    Dr. Jean Amiral E-Mail

    Scientific Director (SH-Consulting, Franconville, France) and consultant (HYPHEN BioMed, France and Sysmex Corp., Japan), Franconville, France

    Research Keywords: Hemostasis, coagulation, thrombosis, fibrinolysis, autoantibodies, pathogenicity, laboratory methods, molecular mechanisms


    About the Special Issue

    These past decades occurrence of some life threatening complications, often irresponsive to the drugs indicated for treating the clinical symptoms, have been reported. Presence of pathogenic autoantibodies, targeted to hemostasis proteins or to their complexes with non-self-components like drugs or infectious products, has been evidenced in many cases. If now these allo-immune or auto-immune complications are progressively better diagnosed, their development conditions still remain unclear. Possible factors can concern individual biological sensitivity or predisposal, but the accidental presentation of a self-component in an unusual way or complexed with an external product can be a leading risk. An open question remains on why in apparently identical situations only rare patients develop the pathogenic antibodies, and why, when present, these antibodies remain asymptomatic in many cases or conversely they provoke severe and deleterious pathologies. The experience from some extensively studied induced autoimmune diseases helps to better document this domain. In this issue, we focus on autoantibodies targeted to hemostasis proteins, and which can lead to critical bleeding episodes or thrombo-embolic manifestations. Diseases are strongly depending on how the autoantibody interferes with the targeted protein function. They can be targeted to body’s cells or tissues deviating then the immune response, which then becomes harmful. The most known, investigated and documented diseases concern anti-phospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant, with autoantibodies mainly targeted to β2-Glyco-Protein 1, Prothrombin, Annexin V or to their complexes with phospholipids, or heparin induced thrombocytopenia, with a high incidence of associated thrombosis, and which is induced by an heparin dependent antibody targeted to Platelet Factor 4 complexed with heparin, or to the chemokine itself. However, many other very rare autoantibody induced thrombotic complications have been reported for antibodies to Protein S, Thrombomodulin, Protein Z, antithrombin, or to other hemostasis proteins, whilst other autoantibodies are associated to severe bleeding like those to factor VIII, vWF, Factor V, Factor XIII, list which is not exhaustive. This is what we would like to describe and synthesize in this special issue, by presenting the latest updates and understandings. The major objectives are to review: i) the various autoimmune complications generating thrombotic or bleeding episodes; ii) the laboratory diagnostic tools available; iii) the mechanisms which can lead to the generation of autoantibodies, and when present, how they become pathogenic; iv) the available therapeutic approaches; v) cases and experience report. We are please to call for contributions in this field, and we invite you to submit your contributions, which will follow a pier review process, and when approved will be published in that special issue of Exploration of Immunology.

    Keywords: Autoantibodies, hemostasis proteins, autoimmune complications, thrombotic, bleeding

    Call for Papers

    Published Articles

    Open Access
    Review
    Generation and pathogenicity of autoantibodies associated to thrombosis and hemostasis
    Many acquired bleeding and thrombotic complications are provoked by autoantibodies to blood coagulation factors, or to hemostasis inhibitors and regulatory proteins. If occurrence of those antibodie [...] Read more.
    Jean Amiral
    Published: February 05, 2024 Explor Immunol. 2024;4:34–58
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2024.00127
    View:831
    Download:27
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    An update on anti-protein Z antibodies
    Protein Z (PZ) is a vitamin K-dependent protein that acts as a cofactor for the inhibition of activated factor X by the PZ-dependent protease inhibitor, an anticoagulant protein of the serpin superf [...] Read more.
    Tiffany Pascreau ... Marc Vasse
    Published: December 05, 2023 Explor Immunol. 2023;3:554–564
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2023.00120
    View:844
    Download:20
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Original Article
    Risk factors and recurrent thrombosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome
    Aim: The study aims to evaluate the incidence of recurrent thromboses in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and its association with the presence of different antiphospholipid [...] Read more.
    Fariza A. Cheldieva ... Tatiana M. Reshetnyak
    Published: October 12, 2023 Explor Immunol. 2023;3:475–489
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2023.00114
    Open Access
    Review
    Update on laboratory practice for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant and the antiphospholipid syndrome
    Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined as an autoimmune and prothrombotic disorder in patients with the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). In the classification criteria, [...] Read more.
    Osamu Kumano ... Jean Amiral
    Published: October 08, 2023 Explor Immunol. 2023;3:416–432
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2023.00110
    View:1419
    Download:44
    Open Access
    Review
    Analytical dilemmas in lupus anticoagulant detection
    Accurate lupus anticoagulant (LA) detection is crucial to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) diagnosis. Detection is based on LA functional behavior in coagulation assays irrespective of epitope specif [...] Read more.
    Gary W. Moore
    Published: August 31, 2023 Explor Immunol. 2023;3:300–324
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2023.00104
    View:1715
    Download:82
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Considerations for simultaneous detection of autoantibodies to coagulation factor and lupus anticoagulant
    In patients with autoimmune coagulation factor deficiency (AiCFD), the production of autoantibodies that inhibit coagulation factors in the blood reduces the activity of those relevant coagulation f [...] Read more.
    Masahiro Ieko ... Akitada Ichinose
    Published: August 30, 2023 Explor Immunol. 2023;3:286–299
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2023.00103