About the Special Issue

Cancer is a complicated disease whose prognosis is largely determined by tumor cell-microenvironment cross-talk. As now widely known, the interactions between tumor and immune cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of cancer, and understanding them is essential for the development of new cancer therapeutic approaches. Moreover, additional host genetic characteristics, environmental stress, lifestyle, and gut microbiome may all influence the immune contexture and consequently the tumour progression. As widely described today, the microbiome affects cancer initiation and progression through direct effects on the tumor cells or indirectly through manipulation of the immune system. Indeed, microbiota affect cancer cell antigenicity and adjuvanticity, determining whether an antigen triggers an immune response and if its nature drives the acquisition of a specific T cell phenotype (effector or regulator). In addition, microbiota can elicit the production of cytokines (and other immune mediators) by influencing the immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive reactions. The microbes interact with the host and the tumor in different and context-specific manner, conferring individual and tumor-specificities to the immunomodulatory phenotype observed. Elucidation of the mechanisms through which microbiota cancer and immune cells interact can help devise targeted and personalized tools for cancer diagnosis, therapy and prevention.

In this Special Issue, we welcome original articles, reviews, case reports, preclinical and clinical studies. On this topic, of particular interests are: studies that characterize the cancer microbiome immune axis, with a focus on microbial inflammation and microbiota anti-tumor immunity modulation, during cancer initiation, progression and treatment; studies on the role of microbial metabolites and other mediators in modulating cancer–immune interaction; studies on the effect of microbiota composition on immunotherapy’s efficacy and on the prediction of patients' response (predictive biomarkers); preclinical and clinical studies on the effects of microbiota modulation (probiotics, prebiotics, FMT, etc.) in cancer.

Keywords: tumor microenvironment, tumor immunology, immune checkpoint blockade, immunotherapy, immune evasion, T regulatory cells, microbiome, metabolites, NGS, trascriptomics

Call for Papers