Advances in molecular genetics and neuroimmunology have revealed a complex and dynamic interaction between the immune system and the nervous system. In particular, immunogenetics has emerged as a critical area for understanding the pathophysiology of a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Recent findings demonstrate that polymorphisms in immune-related genes, including those encoding HLA molecules, KIR receptors, cytokines, and complement components, are associated with diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder. These associations suggest that immune dysregulation, driven by genetic factors, plays a significant role in disease susceptibility, progression, and therapeutic response.

This special issue aims to bring together cutting-edge original research and expert reviews that explore the genetic underpinnings of immune function in the context of brain health and disease. Contributions examine how immunogenetic profiles can influence neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, synaptic function, and neurodegeneration, offering new perspectives on disease mechanisms and treatment strategies.

By integrating insights from genomics, immunology, and neuroscience, this issue seeks to advance our understanding of how immune genetics shapes brain function, with the ultimate goal of informing precision medicine approaches for neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Keywords: Immunogenetics, neurological disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, neuroinflammation, precision medicine