This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in precision oncology, focusing on molecular heterogeneity in cancer and its implications for diagnosis, efficacy prediction, and individualized treatment decision-making. Particular attention will be given to adolescent and young adult (AYA) populations, whose unique biological characteristics require more tailored therapeutic approaches. The issue invites original research and comprehensive reviews addressing cancer molecular classification, biomarker development, predictive models for treatment response, and translational applications from bench to bedside.

It is dedicated but not limited to the 2026 International Conference on New Models for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, which will be held in Shanghai, April 17-19, 2026.

Keywords: Precision oncology, molecular classification, treatment efficacy prediction, adolescent and young adult cancer, biomarkers, personalized medicine, targeted therapies