The treatment landscape of patients with non-­small-­cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has dramatically changed in recent years, thanks to the improvement in the knowledge of the biology of NSCLC, the discovery of targetable oncogenic drivers, the positive results obtained with immunotherapy in different settings (advanced, locally advanced, adjuvant, neoadjuvant) and the optimal integration of surgery, radiotherapy and systemic treatments. Furthermore, thanks to the advent of technology, surgical minimally invasive treatments (Robotic and Thoracoscopic) are always less traumatic, thus, increasing the number of surgical candidates, even in fragile and with co-morbidities patients.

For NSCLC patients with early and locally advanced disease a through therapeutic revolution is currently ongoing and a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory. This Special Issue will highlight the current state of treatment of early and locally advanced NSCLC patients, focusing on the approved indications of surgery, radiotherapy and systemic treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted based agents. Moreover, the strategies to improve the results obtained to date and the challenge to face resistance disease will be discussed. Finally, the role of liquid biopsy in this setting and its potential implementation will be evaluated.

The possible topics could be (but not limited to) :

• The role of radioterapy in early stage NSCLC

• Advancement in radiotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC

• New surgical approaches for early stage NSCLC

• Role of surgery for locally advanced NSCLC

• Immunotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC

• Target based agents for oncogene addicted locally advanced NSCLC

• The role of liquid biopsy in early stage NSCLC

• Advancement in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC

• Minimally invasive surgery and its efficacy on lymphadenectomy

• Activity of a Lung Cancer MDT: benefits and barriers

Keywords: Early stage NSCLC; locally advanced NSCLC; thoracic radiotherapy; thoracic surgery; adjuvant treatment; liquid biopsy; immunotherapy