• 42 results in Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy
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    Original Article
    Efficacy of memantine compared with sodium valproate as prophylactic treatment for migraine: a controlled randomized pilot study
    Aim: To compare the efficacy of memantine with that of valproate as a prophylactic treatment for episodic migraine within three months. The efficacy, safety, and response rate were evaluated.  [...] Read more.
    Damaris Vazquez-Guevara ... Ildefonso Rodriguez-Leyva
    Published: April 28, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:131–138
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00042
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    Review
    Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: a clinical and therapeutic challenge
    Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by thunderclap headache and intracranial segmental vasoconstriction with or without signs of neurological deficit with a variabl [...] Read more.
    Andrés Ricaurte-Fajardo ... Nathalia Melo Gonzalez
    Published: April 28, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:120–130
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00041
    This article belongs to the special issue Emerging Concepts in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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    Review
    Epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms in the accelerated cellular aging in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
    Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its risk increases exponentially with aging. The incidence of LOAD is reported to  [...] Read more.
    Kajal Rawat, Prathiba Garlapally
    Published: April 28, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:105–119
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00040
    This article belongs to the special issue Recent Advances in Neurochemistry and Genetics of Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease
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    Review
    Innate and adaptive glial cell responses in Alzheimer’s disease
    Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which affects around twenty-seven million people globally, is an aging-related neurodegenerative condition characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded amyl [...] Read more.
    Ankita Singh, Tiratha Raj Singh
    Published: April 03, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:90–104
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00039
    This article belongs to the special issue Glia and Neuroprotection
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    Review
    The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: biochemical and therapeutic aspects
    The enteric nervous system (ENS) is considered by some authors as the second human brain, given its fundamental role in the regulation process of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent data from s [...] Read more.
    Januário T. Ernesto ... Cláudio Viegas Jr.
    Published: March 29, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:71–89
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00038
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    Review
    Neuroprotective agents in acute ischemic stroke
    Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the leading cause of disability and one of the top causes of mortality worldwide. The current standard of care is reperfusion therapy including intravenous thrombolysi [...] Read more.
    Grace YY Chia ... Benjamin YQ Tan
    Published: February 28, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:47–70
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00037
    This article belongs to the special issue The Future of Biomarkers in CNS Diseases
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    Review
    Pathophysiology of non-motor signs in Parkinson’s disease: some recent updating with brief presentation
    Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1% of the population above sixty years. It is caused by an interaction between genetic and envi [...] Read more.
    Khaled Radad ... Wolf-Dieter Rausch
    Published: February 27, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:24–46
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00036
    This article belongs to the special issue Parkinsons Disease: Principal Targets and Interventional Mechanisms
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    Review
    Can chronic therapeutic drug use by the elderly affect Alzheimer’s disease risk and rate of progression?
    There is no approved drug capable of halting the progression of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).  [...] Read more.
    Rafael Franco, Joan Serrano-Marín
    Published: February 27, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther 2023;3:8–23
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00035
    This article belongs to the special issue The Urgent Need for New Hypotheses to Develop Effective Therapeutic Tools Against Alzheimers Disease
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    Perspective
    Machine learning as a new tool in neurological disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
    More than 600 different neurological diseases affect the human population. Some of these are genetic and can emerge even before birth, and some are caused by defects, infections, trauma, degeneratio [...] Read more.
    Cinzia Volonté
    Published: February 21, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:1–7
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00034
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    Review
    Biomarkers in small fiber neuropathy
    Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a relatively common, but largely understudied neurological syndrome which has affected the lives of many globally. The common symptoms of SFN include pain, dysesthesi [...] Read more.
    Amanda C. Y. Chan ... Joy Vijayan
    Published: December 30, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:264–283
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00033
    This article belongs to the special issue The Future of Biomarkers in CNS Diseases
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    Open Access
    Case Report
    Catatonia in two women with Parkinson’s disease treated with electroconvulsive therapy
    Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by a broad range of motor, behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. Catatonia and Parkinson’s disease (PD) may show partially overlapping symptomatology. For this reason, cat [...] Read more.
    Camilla Elefante ... Giulio Perugi
    Published: December 28, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:256–263
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00032
    This article belongs to the special issue Cognitive Alterations in Psychiatry
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    Open Access
    Case Report
    Dry needling with electrical stimulation for the treatment of a pediatric patient with spastic cerebral palsy: a case report
    The patient was a 6-year-old child with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP) categorized with the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) as a level IV and a Modified Modified Ashwort [...] Read more.
    Temrah Okonski, Jan Dommerholt
    Published: November 16, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:242–255
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00031
    This article belongs to the special issue Dry Needling for Neurological Disorders
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    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Blockage of thrombospondin 4 secreted by spinal astrocytes may be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of neuropathic pain
    Neuropathic pain (NP), which is difficult to treat, remains a heavy burden for both individuals and society. The efficacy of current treatments is insufficient. The pathophysiology of NP is still no [...] Read more.
    Neslihan Düzenli ... Aytül Önal
    Published: October 31, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:226–241
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00030
    This article belongs to the special issue Glia and Neuroprotection
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    Open Access
    Review
    Overview of biomarkers in myasthenia gravis
    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare auto-immune neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorder which is caused by formation of autoantibodies and destruction of NMJ components. The MG diagnosis is based on the  [...] Read more.
    Fatemeh Afrashteh, Rayan Rajabi
    Published: October 31, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:210–225
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00029
    This article belongs to the special issue The Future of Biomarkers in CNS Diseases
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    Review
    Toll-like receptor 4 in the interface between neuroimmune response and behavioral alterations caused by stress
    Different stressors can elicit neuroinflammatory responses modulated by innate immunity receptors, such as the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The TLR4, a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), i [...] Read more.
    Fábio José Coelho Souza-Junior ... Sabrina Francesca Lisboa
    Published: October 31, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:182–209
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00028
    This article belongs to the special issue Intervention of Neuroimmune Responses
    View:609
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    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Case Report
    Paraclinoid unruptured giant aneurysm with therapeutic success
    The global prevalence of intracranial aneurysms (IA) ranges from 5–10%, with a demographic variation. Large and giant aneurysms typically involve cavernous and paraclinoid se [...] Read more.
    Gonçalo Januário
    Published: August 30, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:174–181
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00027
    This article belongs to the special issue Emerging Concepts in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    View:520
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    Open Access
    Review
    Delayed cerebral ischemia and therapeutic approaches after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    Delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is one of the most important causes of mortality and poor functional outcome in patients. Initially, the etiology and treatment of delayed cer [...] Read more.
    Fettah Eren ... Sueda Ecem Yilmaz
    Published: August 22, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:162–173
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00026
    This article belongs to the special issue Emerging Concepts in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    View:499
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    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Autism: genetics, environmental stressors, maternal immune activation, and the male bias in autism
    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a class of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) characterized by deficits in three domains: impairments in social interactions, language, and communication, and increased stereotyped restrictive/rep [...] Read more.
    Sarah Otaru, David A. Lawrence
    Published: August 11, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:141–161
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00025
    This article belongs to the special issue Intervention of Neuroimmune Responses
    View:766
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    Open Access
    Review
    Economics of dry needling and botulinum toxin type A for treatment of post-stroke spasticity: a review
    Stroke is one of the most common causes of disability and exerts a high burden of direct and indirect costs. Stroke may cause spasticity, which limits patients’ abilities and affects the [...] Read more.
    Daniel Fernández ... Eva María Gómez-Trullén
    Published: June 30, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:131–140
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00024
    This article belongs to the special issue Dry Needling for Neurological Disorders
    Open Access
    Review
    The glymphatic system and subarachnoid hemorrhage: disruption and recovery
    The glymphatic system, or glial-lymphatic system, is a waste clearance system composed of perivascular channels formed by astrocytes that mediate the clearance of proteins and metabolites from the b [...] Read more.
    Stephan Quintin ... Brandon Lucke-Wold
    Published: June 21, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:118–130
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00023
    This article belongs to the special issue Emerging Concepts in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    View:1014
    Download:55
    Open Access
    Perspective
    Can meditation-based approaches improve the cleansing power of the glymphatic system?
    The glymphatic system, first described in 2012, is a brain-wide perivascular network that plays an important role in promoting interstitial metabolic waste removal from the brain. Glymphatic pathway [...] Read more.
    Peter Wostyn, Piet Goddaer
    Published: June 20, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:110–117
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00022
    View:1121
    Download:46
    Open Access
    Original Article
    Combined effects of dry needling and exercises therapy on muscle spasticity and motor function in chronic stroke: a pretest-posttest pilot study
    Aim: Spasticity is one of the most common symptoms in post-stroke patients. Dry needling (DN) is a relatively new method for the management of muscle spasticity. A multimodal treatment may be mor [...] Read more.
    Seyedeh Saeideh Babazadeh-Zavieh ... Korosh Mansoori
    Published: June 20, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:100–109
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00021
    This article belongs to the special issue Dry Needling for Neurological Disorders
    Open Access
    Review
    The role of physical activity against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a narrative review
    Several studies investigated the side effect of adjuvant cancer treatments, and different types of preventive techniques or treatments have been assessed. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy  [...] Read more.
    Daniele Diotti ... Lucio Marinelli
    Published: April 28, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:87–99
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00020
    View:1030
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    Open Access
    Perspective
    Gut microbiota could modulate the effects of neuro-immune responses and memory traces via the gut-brain-immune axis in schizophrenia
    Altered immunity may have destructive consequences for the integrated central nervous system. This immune response often affects progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and/or psychiatric disorders suc [...] Read more.
    Haruka Sawamura ... Satoru Matsuda
    Published: April 24, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:74–86
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00019
    This article belongs to the special issue Intervention of Neuroimmune Responses
    View:3445
    Download:991
    Open Access
    Review
    Subarachnoid hemorrhage: management considerations for COVID-19
    Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has deleterious outcomes for patients, and during the hospital stay, patients are susceptible to vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVI [...] Read more.
    Eric J. Panther, Brandon Lucke-Wold
    Published: March 02, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:65–73
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00018
    This article belongs to the special issue Emerging Concepts in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    View:1622
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    Open Access
    Systematic Review
    Various facets of excitotoxicity
    Aim: Excitotoxicity results from unusually increased activation of excitatory amino acid receptors leading to neuronal death. Since glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the centra [...] Read more.
    Talita Glaser ... Henning Ulrich
    Published: February 23, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:36–64
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00017
    View:1837
    Download:90
    Open Access
    Review
    Dry needling in stroke
    Stroke causes acute neurological deficit which is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Neurorehabilitation is an important dimension in the management of post-stroke deficits. Spasticity,  [...] Read more.
    Nirmal Surya, Guhan Ramamurthy
    Published: February 17, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:28–35
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00016
    This article belongs to the special issue Dry Needling for Neurological Disorders
    View:1523
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    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Balancing cholesterol in the brain: from synthesis to disposal
    The cholesterol is a vital component of cell membranes and myelin sheaths, and a precursor for essential molecules such as steroid hormones. In humans, cholesterol is partially obtained through the  [...] Read more.
    Lydia Qian ... Andrew J. Brown
    Published: January 05, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:1–27
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2022.00015
    This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
    View:3085
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    Open Access
    Review
    Blocking cholesterol storage to treat Alzheimer’s disease
    Cholesterol serves as an essential lipid molecule in various membrane organelles of mammalian cells. The metabolites of cholesterol also play important functions. Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltr [...] Read more.
    Ta Yuan Chang ... James G. Gow
    Published: December 30, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:173–184
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00014
    This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
    View:1451
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    Open Access
    Review
    Targeting cytochrome P450 46A1 and brain cholesterol 24-hydroxylation to treat neurodegenerative diseases
    The brain cholesterol content is determined by the balance between the pathways of in situ biosynthesis and cholesterol elimination via 24-hydroxylation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1).  [...] Read more.
    Irina A. Pikuleva
    Published: December 30, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:159–172
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00013
    This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
    View:1399
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    Open Access
    Review
    Advancing diagnosis and treatment of Niemann-Pick C disease through biomarker discovery
    Niemann-Pick C disease is a rare neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disease caused by accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. Diagnosis of the disease is often delayed due to its rarity, the het [...] Read more.
    Xuntian Jiang, Daniel S. Ory
    Published: December 30, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:146–158
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00012
    This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
    View:1193
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    Open Access
    Review
    Peroxisomes in intracellular cholesterol transport: from basic physiology to brain pathology
    Peroxisomes are actively involved in the metabolism of various lipids including fatty acids, ether phospholipids, bile acids as well as the processing of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Recent [...] Read more.
    Jian Xiao ... Jie Luo
    Published: December 30, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:127–145
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00011
    This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
    View:1794
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    Open Access
    Perspective
    Maternal imprinting, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA and Alzheimer’s disease
    Familial early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is more probable in individuals coming from mothers diagnosed with AD than from fathers diagnosed with AD. Studies in animal models have show [...] Read more.
    Alberto Pérez-Mediavilla, Marta Zamarbide
    Published: October 29, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:121–126
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00010
    View:664
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    Review
    Immunization with neural-derived peptides as a neuroprotective therapy for spinal cord injury
    Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces several destructive events that develop immediately after the primary insult. These phenomena increase tissue damage; that is why, numerous therapeutic approaches ar [...] Read more.
    Andrea Paola Ibarra-García, Antonio Ibarra
    Published: October 29, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:111–120
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00009
    View:779
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    Review
    Striking a balance: PIP2 and PIP3 signaling in neuronal health and disease
    Phosphoinositides are membrane phospholipids involved in a variety of cellular processes like growth, development, metabolism, and transport. This review focuses on the maintenance of cellular homeo [...] Read more.
    Kamran Tariq, Bryan W. Luikart
    Published: October 29, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:86–110
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00008
    This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
    View:3015
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    Open Access
    Review
    T-cell based immunotherapies for Parkinson’s disease
    Current evidence indicates that neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra associated to Parkinson's disease is a consequence of a neuroinflammatory process in whic [...] Read more.
    Rodrigo Pacheco
    Published: October 29, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:72–85
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00007
    View:1346
    Download:86
    Open Access
    Review
    Therapeutic potential of the cannabinoid receptor 2 in neuropsychiatry
    Since the identification and cloning of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R), several studies focused on the characterization of its physiological and pathological role. Initially, CB2R was considered  [...] Read more.
    María S. García-Gutiérrez ... Jorge Manzanares
    Published: August 05, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:55–71
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00006
    View:2643
    Download:179
    Open Access
    Review
    Gut microbial imbalance and neurodegenerative proteinopathies: from molecular mechanisms to prospects of clinical applications
    The pathogenic basis behind some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in advanced societies, known as proteinopathies, deals with alterations in protein homeostasis. Despite the broad di [...] Read more.
    Paula Alonso-García ... Eva Martínez-Pinilla
    Published: August 05, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:33–54
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00005
    View:1594
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    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Neurological complications during HIV infection
    Early in the course of infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is able to enter the central nervous system where it stablishes a permanent reservoir. Current antiretroviral therapies do not ef [...] Read more.
    Jose M. Martinez-Navio
    Published: August 05, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:19–32
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00004
    View:2783
    Download:189
    Open Access
    Review
    Cholesterol in autism spectrum disorders
    The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a series of neurological diseases that share serious alterations of the development of the central nervous system. The degree of disability may vary so t [...] Read more.
    Rafael Franco ... Irene Reyes-Resina
    Published: August 05, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:10–18
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00003
    This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
    View:2388
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    Open Access
    Letter to the Editor
    P2X7 receptor involvement in COVID-19 disease
    Peter Illes
    Published: August 05, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:7–9
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00002
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    Editorial
    Science plus technology to address challenges in determining the efficacy of neuroprotective/neurorestorative therapies
    Rafael Franco
    Published: August 05, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:1–6
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2021.00001
    View:1341
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