Following the success of the previous special issue on Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Phytochemicals in Neuroprotection, this new collection aims to focus again on this relevant topic, providing new and emerging trends. Indeed, medicinal plants still represent an unlimited source of bioactive phytochemicals able to target different mechanisms involved in brain aging and neurodegeneration including oxidative stress, modulation of neurotrophic factors, regulation of apoptotic pathways, neuroinflammation and immunosenescence associated with neurodegenerative disorders. From this perspective, phytotherapy is receiving increasing attention, proving very promising in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, at least in preclinical experimental models. However, the use of natural products in the field of neuroprotection still has some limitations, such as their bioavailability, biokinetics, ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and interaction with receptors or transporters. This new special issue aims to address these topics by focusing on phytochemicals, compounds with multiple targets that represent a potential and promising class of therapeutics for the treatment of diseases with multifactorial etiology.

Keywords: Neurodegenerative diseases, Amyloidosis, Oxidative stress, Excitotoxicity, Neuroinflammation, Neuroaging, Immunosenescence, Phytotherapeutics, Herbal remedies, Nutritional therapy, Bioactive phytochemicals, Phenylpropanoids, Alkaloids, Isoprenoids, Organosulfur compounds, Glucosinolates/Isothiocyanates, Nutraceuticals, Functional foods, Ethnopharmacology