The combination of neuroscience and emerging technologies is rapidly transforming our theoretical and clinical understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disorders. This special issue invites cutting-edge contributions exploring how Artificial Intelligence (AI), advanced neuroimaging techniques, and Virtual Reality (VR) environments can be integrated to enhance the clinical assessment and rehabilitation of neurological conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, brain injuries, dementias and strokes).

AI algorithms—particularly those based on deep learning and multimodal data fusion—are unlocking new dimensions in analyzing complex neuroimaging data, predicting disease progression, and customizing interventions. At the same time, neuroimaging advancements, from functional MRI to diffusion tensor imaging, provide unprecedented insight into the brain’s structural and functional changes over time in neurological disorders. Complementing these technologies, VR offers novel therapeutic environments for cognitive and motor rehabilitation, enabling ecologically valid, engaging, and adaptive interventions that can be tailored to individual patient profiles.

We invite original experimental studies, translational research, and critical reviews. Submissions should emphasize theoretical innovation and/or clinical applicability, with clear implications for improving patients’ outcomes and advancing the field of applied clinical neurotechnology.

This special issue aims to serve as a way to foster collaboration and accelerate progress in developing intelligent, personalized, and evidence-based solutions for neurological care.

Key Topics of Interest Include (but are not limited to):

• AI-assisted diagnostics and prognostics in neurological diseases

• Multimodal neuroimaging data analysis using machine learning

• VR-based cognitive and motor rehabilitation protocols

• Neuroadaptive VR environments informed by real-time brain activity

• Predictive modeling of disease progression (e.g., in dementia or MS)

• Integration of wearable neurotechnologies with immersive interfaces

• Clinical trials combining AI, neuroimaging, and VR approaches

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, brain injury, dementia, multiple sclerosis, neuroimaging, neurological rehabilitation, stroke, virtual reality