The use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT and YouChat, has increased enormously since their release in late 2022. Concerns have been raised over the potential of chatbots to facilitate cheating in education settings, including essay writing and exams. In addition, multiple publishers have updated their editorial policies to prohibit chatbot authorship on publications. This article highlights another potentially concerning issue; the strong propensity of chatbots in response to queries requesting medical and scientific information and its underlying references, to generate plausible looking but inaccurate responses, with the chatbots also generating nonexistent citations. As an example, a number of queries were generated and, using two popular chatbots, demonstrated that both generated inaccurate outputs. The authors thus urge extreme caution, because unwitting application of inconsistent and potentially inaccurate medical information could have adverse outcomes.

X (formerly Twitter), a microblogging social media platform, is being used by scientists and researchers to disseminate their research findings and promote the visibility of their work to the public. Tweets can be posted with text messages, images, hyperlinks, or a combination of these features. Importantly, for the majority of users, the text must be limited to 280 characters. In this perspective, this study aimed to observe if adding an image is able to increase outreach for scientific communication on X. Therefore, the characteristics of tweets posted with the hashtag #SciComm (short for science communication) for a period of one year (28 May 2020 to 28 May 2021) were analyzed with the X analytics tool Symplur Signals. The conducted analysis revealed that when a science communication (#SciComm-containing) tweet is accompanied by an image added by the user, there is on average a 529% increase in the number of retweets, and adding a hyperlink is similarly effective in increasing the number of retweets. However, combining both an image and hyperlink in the same tweet did not yield an additive effect. Hence, for increased visibility, researchers may consider adding images or hyperlinks (e.g., to research publications or popular science articles) while communicating science to the public on X.

Transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus), arboviral diseases pose a major global public health threat. Dengue, chikungunya, and zika are increasingly prevalent in Southeast Asia. Among other arboviruses, dengue and zika are becoming more common in Central and South America. Given human encroachment into previously uninhabited, often deforested areas, to provide new housing in regions of population expansion, conceptualizing built urban environments in a novel way is urgently needed to safeguard against the growing climate change-driven threat of vector-borne diseases. By understanding the spread from a One Health perspective, enhanced control and prevention can be achieved. This is particularly important considering that climate change is likely to significantly impact the persistence of ponded water where mosquitoes breed due to increasing temperature and shifting rainfall patterns with regard to magnitude, duration, frequency, and season. Models can incorporate aquatic mosquito stages and adult spatial dynamics when habitats are heterogeneously available, thereby including dispersal and susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) epidemiology. Coupled with human population distribution (density, locations), atmospheric conditions (air temperature, precipitation), and hydrological conditions (soil moisture distribution, ponding persistence in topographic depressions), modeling has improved predictive ability for infection rates. However, it has not informed interventional approaches from an urban environment perspective which considers the role of ponds/lakes that support green spaces, the density of population that enables rapid spread of disease, and varying micro-habitats for various mosquito stages under climate change. Here, for an example of dengue in Vietnam, a preventive and predictive approach to design resilient urban environments is proposed, which uses data from rapidly expanding metropolitan communities to learn continually. This protocol deploys computational approaches including simulation and machine learning/artificial intelligence, underpinned by surveillance and medical data for validation and adaptive learning. Its application may best inform urban planning in low-middle income countries in tropical zones where arboviral pathogens are prevalent.

Digital technologies have garnered more attention in this epoch of public health emergencies like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and monkeypox (mpox). Digital twin (DT) is the virtual cybernetic equivalent of a physical object (e.g., a device, a human, a community) used to better understand the complexity of the latter and predict, prevent, monitor, and optimize real-world outcomes. The possible use cases of DT systems in public health ranging from mass vaccination planning to understanding disease transmission patterns have been discussed. Despite potential applications in healthcare, several economic, social, and ethical challenges might hinder the universal implementation of DT. Nevertheless, devising appropriate policies, reinforcing good governance, and launching multinational collaborative efforts ascertain early espousal of DT technology.

Twitter has been an invaluable social media platform for scientists to share research and host discourse among academics and the public. The change of ownership at Twitter has changed how scientists interact with the platform and has led some to worry about its future. This article discusses the current changes at Twitter and what implications these may have for future health research and communication.