Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, with well-established microbial etiology and host immune dysregulation. Beyond its local oral consequences, growing evidence supports a significant association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. This special issue aims to explore the mechanistic, clinical, and epidemiological links between these two prevalent conditions.

Emerging research suggests that periodontal pathogens and their virulence factors can enter the systemic circulation, contributing to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and systemic inflammation. In parallel, the host inflammatory response triggered in periodontitis—marked by elevated cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and oxidative stress—may exacerbate cardiovascular risk. The bidirectional nature of this relationship is further highlighted by shared risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, and aging.

This special issue seeks to provide a multidisciplinary platform for cutting-edge research addressing molecular pathways, microbiome interactions, biomarkers, and interventional strategies linking oral and cardiovascular health. Contributions may include clinical trials, translational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses that clarify causality, identify therapeutic targets, and inform integrated healthcare approaches. By fostering collaboration between dental researchers, cardiologists, immunologists, and public health experts, this issue aims to advance our understanding of how local oral inflammation contributes to systemic disease and to promote holistic patient care models.

Keywords: Periodontitis, cardiovascular disease, systemic inflammation, oral-systemic link, atherosclerosis, microbiome, endothelial dysfunction, biomarkers