From:  Flagellar pocket receptors as entry point for protein-based drugs against kinetoplastid parasites

 Subcellular localization signals.

TypeRelevant characteristicsMotifRef.
NLSMono- (4 or 7 basic AA block) or bipartite (2 basic segments linked by 10–12 AA)4 AA motif: (B4), (B(B2P)) or K(R/K)X(R/K) /KRRR
7 AA motif: P[(R/K)3X3]		[29, 72]
PTS1C-terminal tripeptide for glycosomal imports. Recognized by PEX5(S/C/A)-(K/R/H)-(L/M)
Uncharged-positively charged-large hydrophobic residue		[72–74]
PTS2N-terminal nonapeptide for glycosomal imports. Recognized by PEX7(R/K)-(L/V/I/Q)-XX-(L/V/I/H)-(L/S/G/A)
-X-(H/Q)-(L/A)		[72–74]
mTPTransient N-terminal signal. Cleaved by mitochondrial processing peptidase (M/L)RR within first 7–10 AA + hydrophobic region (A, L, V) enriched. Variable length: 5–118 AA[71]
FLSDirects protein to flagellum via IFT complexes. Highly variable, no unified consensus55 AA N-terminal motif (adenylate kinases) or Bipartite C-terminal motif: ≤ 56 AA + 7 AA region/C-terminal 45-residue domain[72]
mPTSGlycosomal membrane-bound proteins (different from PTS1/PTS2)~11 hydrophobic or basic AA adjacent to transmembrane domain[72, 74]
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It describes the most important characteristics of each type of signal along with its predicted motif, where X represents any amino acids. AA: amino acid; NLS: nuclear localization signal; PTS1: peroxisome targeting sequence 1; mTP: mitochondrial targeting peptide; FLS: flagellar localization signal; mPTS: membrane peroxisome targeting sequence.