Exploration of Drug Science

Table 1. CPPs types.

Type	Relevant characteristics	Motif	Ref.
Cationic	High positive charge: electrostatic interactions with membrane	5–30 AA: rich in R/K	[68]
Amphiphilic	Hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains	Amphipathic α-helices or β-sheets	[68]
Hydrophobic	Predominantly nonpolar residues	Hydrophobic residue-rich motifs	[68]
hsCPPs	Modified class of CPPs pH-dependent activation	K/R substitution for H	[28]
Designed with NNJA	Platform to design novel CPPs specific to any cell type using phage display and directed evolution	Variable	[69]

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Most important characteristics of each type of CPP signal along with its predicted motif. AA: amino acid; CPPs: cell-penetrating peptides; hsCPPs: histidine-switching cell-penetrating peptides. NNJA: novel peptides for intracellular delivery by hijacking two cell systems.

Supplementary materials

The supplementary figures for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1008179_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Author contributions

LA: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. CV: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. ERA: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

All the code to reproduce these results, along the resulting analysis of the designs (like the interactive 3D scatter plots) is available at https://github.com/elviorodriguez/binders_for_trypanosomatid_flagellar_pocket_receptors.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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