The table lists all fitted Emax model variants for each PK/PD index, including the model’s name, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and R2. Parameter estimates for each model E0 (baseline effect), Emax (maximum effect), gam (Hill coefficient), and EI50 (PK/PD index producing 50% of the maximal effect), are also shown, along with the success of model fitting. EI50 is expressed in the same unit as the corresponding PK/PD index.
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank University College London (UCL) for providing access to research databases and necessary materials.
Author contributions
NA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JFS: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. The authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The PKPDindex package, including the example datasets and source code used in this protocol, is publicly available through the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=PKPDindex. All data described in this manuscript are available within the package and can be accessed by users through CRAN.
Funding
NA received a scholarship funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. JFS was supported by a UK Medical Research Council fellowship (MR/008665/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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