Exploration of Drug Science

Table 3. Summary of clinical studies of bacteriophage therapy.

Study	Design	N	Infection type	Comparator	Route of administration	Reported outcome
Pirnay et al. [44]	Multicenter retrospective observational study	100	Mixed refractory infections	None	Local/IV/topical	Variable response; feasibility demonstrated
Gibb & Hadjiargyrou [45]	Case series/observational	236	Skeletal/postsurgical infections	None	Local/subcutaneous/drains	about 92% infection control reported
Dedrick et al. [46]	Compassionate-use case series	20	Drug-resistant mycobacterial infections	None	IV/aerosol/combined	Mixed response; acceptable safety
Metsemakers et al. [47]	Observational clinical review	—	Musculoskeletal/SSTI	None	Various	Feasibility but limited comparative data

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IV: intravenous; —: none specified; SSTI: skin and soft tissue infections.

Declarations

Author contributions

RHAR: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. DEN: Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AWI: Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. SIA: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. KMSA: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. ASF: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MSA: Writing—original draft. MAZ: Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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