a: Natural log-transformed; b: standardized coefficient. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Model 1: Not adjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age and sex; Model 3: adjusted for factors in Model 2 plus body mass index, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; Model 4: adjusted for factors in Model 3 plus use of lipid-lowering drugs and use of anti-diabetic drugs.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (approval number S545).
Consent to participate
The routine health examination data were collected before the study was conceived. Due to the large number of participants, retrospective acquisition of individual informed consent was impracticable. Furthermore, all participant identifiers were fully anonymized to safeguard privacy. Accordingly, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Research Ethics Committee.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request.
Funding
This work was funded by the Shandong Natural Fund [ZR2015HL008], Shandong Province, China. YW was supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1062671]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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