Block neutrophil recruitment and adhesion molecule expression; Induce apoptosis of pro-inflammatory macrophages; Protect against oxidative stress in tissues; Reduce airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
References
Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhao Z, Huang Z, Deng Q, Li Y, et al. Geographic Variation in Prevalence of Adult Obesity in China: Results From the 2013-2014 National Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance.Ann Intern Med. 2020;172:291–3. [DOI] [PubMed]
Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045.Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271–81. [DOI] [PubMed]
Collaborators G2AB. Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Lancet. 2025;405:813–38. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Lee YS, Wollam J, Olefsky JM. An Integrated View of Immunometabolism.Cell. 2018;172:22–40. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Roden M, Shulman GI. The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes.Nature. 2019;576:51–60. [DOI] [PubMed]
Fasshauer M, Blüher M. Adipokines in health and disease.Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2015;36:461–70. [DOI] [PubMed]
Czech MP. Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.Nat Med. 2017;23:804–14. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Lee YS, Li P, Huh JY, Hwang IJ, Lu M, Kim JI, et al. Inflammation is necessary for long-term but not short-term high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance.Diabetes. 2011;60:2474–83. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Fink LN, Costford SR, Lee YS, Jensen TE, Bilan PJ, Oberbach A, et al. Pro-inflammatory macrophages increase in skeletal muscle of high fat-fed mice and correlate with metabolic risk markers in humans.Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22:747–57. [DOI] [PubMed]
Cai D, Yuan M, Frantz DF, Melendez PA, Hansen L, Lee J, et al. Local and systemic insulin resistance resulting from hepatic activation of IKK-beta and NF-kappaB.Nat Med. 2005;11:183–90. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Eguchi K, Nagai R. Islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes and physiology.J Clin Invest. 2017;127:14–23. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Winer DA, Winer S, Dranse HJ, Lam TKT. Immunologic impact of the intestine in metabolic disease.J Clin Invest. 2017;127:33–42. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
De Souza CT, Araujo EP, Bordin S, Ashimine R, Zollner RL, Boschero AC, et al. Consumption of a fat-rich diet activates a proinflammatory response and induces insulin resistance in the hypothalamus.Endocrinology. 2005;146:4192–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kim SH, Després JP, Koh KK. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: friend or foe?Eur Heart J. 2016;37:3560–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Moley KH, Colditz GA. Effects of obesity on hormonally driven cancer in women.Sci Transl Med. 2016;8:323ps3. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance.Diabetes. 2007;56:1761–72. [DOI] [PubMed]
Serhan CN, Clish CB, Brannon J, Colgan SP, Chiang N, Gronert K. Novel functional sets of lipid-derived mediators with antiinflammatory actions generated from omega-3 fatty acids via cyclooxygenase 2-nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and transcellular processing.J Exp Med. 2000;192:1197–204. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Serhan CN, Savill J. Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end.Nat Immunol. 2005;6:1191–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Swanson D, Block R, Mousa SA. Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: health benefits throughout life.Adv Nutr. 2012;3:1–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Serhan CN. Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology.Nature. 2014;510:92–101. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Tabas I, Glass CK. Anti-inflammatory therapy in chronic disease: challenges and opportunities.Science. 2013;339:166–72. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Feingold KR, Soued M, Staprans I, Gavin LA, Donahue ME, Huang BJ, et al. Effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on lipid metabolism in the diabetic rat. Evidence that inhibition of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity is not required for TNF-induced hyperlipidemia.J Clin Invest. 1989;83:1116–21. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance.Science. 1993;259:87–91. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hirosumi J, Tuncman G, Chang L, Görgün CZ, Uysal KT, Maeda K, et al. A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance.Nature. 2002;420:333–6. [DOI] [PubMed]
Austin RL, Rune A, Bouzakri K, Zierath JR, Krook A. siRNA-mediated reduction of inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB kinase prevents tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle.Diabetes. 2008;57:2066–73. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Son G, Iimuro Y, Seki E, Hirano T, Kaneda Y, Fujimoto J. Selective inactivation of NF-kappaB in the liver using NF-kappaB decoy suppresses CCl4-induced liver injury and fibrosis.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007;293:G631–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hausberger FX. Pathological changes in adipose tissue of obese mice.Anat Rec. 1966;154:651–60. [DOI] [PubMed]
Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante AW Jr. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue.J Clin Invest. 2003;112:1796–808. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, Tan G, Yang D, Chou CJ, et al. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance.J Clin Invest. 2003;112:1821–30. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Zhao Z, Yang Z. Reduction of serum lipids by liver-specific knockout of chemerin in DIO mice.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025;778:152321. [DOI] [PubMed]
Koyama Y, Brenner DA. Liver inflammation and fibrosis.J Clin Invest. 2017;127:55–64. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Fink LN, Oberbach A, Costford SR, Chan KL, Sams A, Blüher M, et al. Expression of anti-inflammatory macrophage genes within skeletal muscle correlates with insulin sensitivity in human obesity and type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia. 2013;56:1623–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders.Nature. 2017;542:177–85. [DOI] [PubMed]
Schleh MW, Caslin HL, Garcia JN, Mashayekhi M, Srivastava G, Bradley AB, et al. Metaflammation in obesity and its therapeutic targeting.Sci Transl Med. 2023;15:eadf9382. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Barden A, Shinde S, Tsai IJ, Croft KD, Beilin LJ, Puddey IB, et al. Effect of weight loss on neutrophil resolvins in the metabolic syndrome.Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2019;148:25–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Alnouri MW, Roquid KA, Bonnavion R, Cho H, Heering J, Kwon J, et al. SPMs exert anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects through positive allosteric modulation of the prostaglandin EP4 receptor.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024;121:e2407130121. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Clària J, López-Vicario C, Rius B, Titos E. Pro-resolving actions of SPM in adipose tissue biology.Mol Aspects Med. 2017;58:83–92. [DOI] [PubMed]
Han YH, Lee K, Saha A, Han J, Choi H, Noh M, et al. Specialized Proresolving Mediators for Therapeutic Interventions Targeting Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders.Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2021;29:455–64. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Titos E, Rius B, López-Vicario C, Alcaraz-Quiles J, García-Alonso V, Lopategi A, et al. Signaling and Immunoresolving Actions of Resolvin D1 in Inflamed Human Visceral Adipose Tissue.J Immunol. 2016;197:3360–70. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Kwon Y. Immuno-Resolving Ability of Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins Derived from Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolic Syndrome.Mol Nutr Food Res. 2020;64:e1900824. [DOI] [PubMed]
Martínez-Fernández L, González-Muniesa P, Sáinz N, Escoté X, Martínez JA, Arbones-Mainar JM, et al. Maresin 1 regulates insulin signaling in human adipocytes as well as in adipose tissue and muscle of lean and obese mice.J Physiol Biochem. 2021;77:167–73. [DOI] [PubMed]
Laiglesia LM, Escoté X, Sáinz N, Felix-Soriano E, Santamaría E, Collantes M, et al. Maresin 1 activates brown adipose tissue and promotes browning of white adipose tissue in mice.Mol Metab. 2023;74:101749. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Croasdell A, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Resolvin D2 decreases TLR4 expression to mediate resolution in human monocytes.FASEB J. 2016;30:3181–93. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Wang RX, Colgan SP. Special pro-resolving mediator (SPM) actions in regulating gastro-intestinal inflammation and gut mucosal immune responses.Mol Aspects Med. 2017;58:93–101. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Gobbetti T, Dalli J, Colas RA, Canova DF, Aursnes M, Bonnet D, et al. Protectin D1n-3 DPA and resolvin D5n-3 DPA are effectors of intestinal protection.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:3963–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
López-Vicario C, Titos E, Walker ME, Alcaraz-Quiles J, Casulleras M, Durán-Güell M, et al. Leukocytes from obese individuals exhibit an impaired SPM signature.FASEB J. 2019;33:7072–83. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kim N, Shin HY. Deciphering the Potential Role of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders.Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:9598. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Barden A, Shinde S, Beilin LJ, Phillips M, Adams L, Bollmann S, et al. Adiposity associates with lower plasma resolvin E1 (Rve1): a population study.Int J Obes (Lond). 2024;48:725–32. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Zhao Z, Liu S, Qian B, Zhou L, Shi J, Liu J, et al. CMKLR1 senses chemerin/resolvin E1 to control adipose thermogenesis and modulate metabolic homeostasis.Fundam Res. 2022;4:575–588. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Zhao Z, Hu L, Song B, Wu Q, Lin J, Liu Q, et al. DNA-mediated UCP1 overexpression in adipose tissue: A promising anti-obesity gene therapy.Clin Transl Med. 2025;15:e70491. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Singh NK, Rao GN. Emerging role of 12/15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in human pathologies.Prog Lipid Res. 2019;73:28–45. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Leiria LO, Wang CH, Lynes MD, Yang K, Shamsi F, Sato M, et al. 12-Lipoxygenase Regulates Cold Adaptation and Glucose Metabolism by Producing the Omega-3 Lipid 12-HEPE from Brown Fat.Cell Metab. 2019;30:768–83.e7. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Jiménez-Franco A, Castañé H, Martínez-Navidad C, Placed-Gallego C, Hernández-Aguilera A, Fernández-Arroyo S, et al. Metabolic adaptations in severe obesity: Insights from circulating oxylipins before and after weight loss.Clin Nutr. 2024;43:246–58. [DOI] [PubMed]
Park J, Langmead CJ, Riddy DM. New Advances in Targeting the Resolution of Inflammation: Implications for Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator GPCR Drug Discovery.ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2020;3:88–106. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Chiurchiù V, Leuti A, Dalli J, Jacobsson A, Battistini L, Maccarrone M, et al. Proresolving lipid mediators resolvin D1, resolvin D2, and maresin 1 are critical in modulating T cell responses.Sci Transl Med. 2016;8:353ra111. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Liu X, Tang Y, Luo Y, Gao Y, He L. Role and mechanism of specialized pro-resolving mediators in obesity-associated insulin resistance.Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23:234. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Zhao Z, Hu L, Song B, Jiang T, Wu Q, Lin J, et al. Constitutively active receptor ADGRA3 signaling induces adipose thermogenesis.Elife. 2024;13:RP100205. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Dubé L, Spahis S, Lachaîne K, Lemieux A, Monhem H, Poulin S, et al. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Derived from N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Role in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Complications.Antioxid Redox Signal. 2022;37:54–83. [DOI] [PubMed]
Mariqueo TA, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Omega-3 derivatives, specialized pro-resolving mediators: Promising therapeutic tools for the treatment of pain in chronic liver disease.Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2020;158:102095. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kim AS, Conte MS. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in cardiovascular disease, diagnosis, and therapy.Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020;159:170–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Szczuko M, Szwec-Nadworna N, Palma J, Tomasik M, Ziętek M. Increased Demand of Obese Women for Protectins, Maresin, and Resolvin D1 in the Last Trimester of Pregnancy.Nutrients. 2023;15:4340. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhu J, Zou M, Zhang Y, Wu H, et al. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators: a key player in resolving inflammation in autoimmune diseases.Sci Bull (Beijing). 2025;70:778–94. [DOI] [PubMed]
Schebb NH, Kühn H, Kahnt AS, Rund KM, O’Donnell VB, Flamand N, et al. Formation, Signaling and Occurrence of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators-What is the Evidence so far?Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:838782. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Säfholm J, Abma W, Bankova LG, Boyce JA, Al-Ameri M, Orre A, et al. Cysteinyl-maresin 3 inhibits IL-13 induced airway hyperresponsiveness through alternative activation of the CysLT1 receptor.Eur J Pharmacol. 2022;934:175257. [DOI] [PubMed]
Pamplona FA, Ferreira J, Menezes de Lima O Jr, Duarte FS, Bento AF, Forner S, et al. Anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 is an endogenous allosteric enhancer of CB1 cannabinoid receptor.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:21134–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Chiang N, Serhan CN. Specialized pro-resolving mediator network: an update on production and actions.Essays Biochem. 2020;64:443–62. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Liu Y, Zheng Y, Karatas H, Wang X, Foerch C, Lo EH, et al. 12/15-Lipoxygenase Inhibition or Knockout Reduces Warfarin-Associated Hemorrhagic Transformation After Experimental Stroke.Stroke. 2017;48:445–51. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Serhan CN, Chiang N. Endogenous pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators: a new pharmacologic genus.Br J Pharmacol. 2008;153 Suppl 1:S200–15. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Serhan CN, Chiang N, Dalli J, Levy BD. Lipid mediators in the resolution of inflammation.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014;7:a016311. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Serhan CN, Levy BD. Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators.J Clin Invest. 2018;128:2657–69. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Serhan CN, Hamberg M, Samuelsson B. Lipoxins: novel series of biologically active compounds formed from arachidonic acid in human leukocytes.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984;81:5335–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Serhan CN, Hong S, Gronert K, Colgan SP, Devchand PR, Mirick G, et al. Resolvins: a family of bioactive products of omega-3 fatty acid transformation circuits initiated by aspirin treatment that counter proinflammation signals.J Exp Med. 2002;196:1025–37. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Dalli J, Serhan CN. Specific lipid mediator signatures of human phagocytes: microparticles stimulate macrophage efferocytosis and pro-resolving mediators.Blood. 2012;120:e60–72. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Schwab JM, Serhan CN. Lipoxins and new lipid mediators in the resolution of inflammation.Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2006;6:414–20. [DOI] [PubMed]
Brennan EP, Mohan M, McClelland A, Gaetano Md, Tikellis C, Marai M, et al. Lipoxins Protect Against Inflammation in Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis.Diabetes. 2018;67:2657–67. [DOI] [PubMed]
Serhan CN, Gotlinger K, Hong S, Arita M. Resolvins, docosatrienes, and neuroprotectins, novel omega-3-derived mediators, and their aspirin-triggered endogenous epimers: an overview of their protective roles in catabasis.Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2004;73:155–72. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dalli J, Chiang N, Serhan CN. Elucidation of novel 13-series resolvins that increase with atorvastatin and clear infections.Nat Med. 2015;21:1071–5. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Arita M, Yoshida M, Hong S, Tjonahen E, Glickman JN, Petasis NA, et al. Resolvin E1, an endogenous lipid mediator derived from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, protects against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:7671–6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Schwab JM, Chiang N, Arita M, Serhan CN. Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution programmes.Nature. 2007;447:869–74. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Haworth O, Cernadas M, Yang R, Serhan CN, Levy BD. Resolvin E1 regulates interleukin 23, interferon-gamma and lipoxin A4 to promote the resolution of allergic airway inflammation.Nat Immunol. 2008;9:873–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Jin Y, Arita M, Zhang Q, Saban DR, Chauhan SK, Chiang N, et al. Anti-angiogenesis effect of the novel anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:4743–52. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Qu Q, Xuan W, Fan GH. Roles of resolvins in the resolution of acute inflammation.Cell Biol Int. 2015;39:3–22. [DOI] [PubMed]
Sima C, Paster B, Van Dyke TE. Function of Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Resolvin E1 in Type 2 Diabetes.Crit Rev Immunol. 2018;38:343–65. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Herrera BS, Hasturk H, Kantarci A, Freire MO, Nguyen O, Kansal S, et al. Impact of resolvin E1 on murine neutrophil phagocytosis in type 2 diabetes.Infect Immun. 2015;83:792–801. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Ma Y, Li C, Zhu Y, Xu X, Li J, Cao H. The mechanism of RvD1 alleviates type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain by influencing microglia polarization in rats.Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2017;33:277–81. Chinese. [DOI] [PubMed]
Pascoal LB, Bombassaro B, Ramalho AF, Coope A, Moura RF, Correa-da-Silva F, et al. Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity.J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14:5. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Sima C, Montero E, Nguyen D, Freire M, Norris P, Serhan CN, et al. ERV1 Overexpression in Myeloid Cells Protects against High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance.Sci Rep. 2017;7:12848. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Yin Y, Chen F, Wang W, Wang H, Zhang X. Resolvin D1 inhibits inflammatory response in STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy rats: Possible involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway.Mol Vis. 2017;23:242–50. [PubMed] [PMC]
Zhang Z, Hu X, Qi X, Di G, Zhang Y, Wang Q, et al. Resolvin D1 promotes corneal epithelial wound healing and restoration of mechanical sensation in diabetic mice.Mol Vis. 2018;24:274–85. [PubMed] [PMC]
Morshedzadeh N, Saedisomeolia A, Djalali M, Eshraghian MR, Hantoushzadeh S, Mahmoudi M. Resolvin D1 impacts on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy women.Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13:660–4. [DOI] [PubMed]
Serhan CN, Gotlinger K, Hong S, Lu Y, Siegelman J, Baer T, et al. Anti-inflammatory actions of neuroprotectin D1/protectin D1 and its natural stereoisomers: assignments of dihydroxy-containing docosatrienes.J Immunol. 2006;176:1848–59. [DOI] [PubMed]
Mukherjee PK, Marcheselli VL, Serhan CN, Bazan NG. Neuroprotectin D1: a docosahexaenoic acid-derived docosatriene protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:8491–6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Ariel A, Li PL, Wang W, Tang WX, Fredman G, Hong S, et al. The docosatriene protectin D1 is produced by TH2 skewing and promotes human T cell apoptosis via lipid raft clustering.J Biol Chem. 2005;280:43079–86. [DOI] [PubMed]
Calandria JM, Marcheselli VL, Mukherjee PK, Uddin J, Winkler JW, Petasis NA, et al. Selective survival rescue in 15-lipoxygenase-1-deficient retinal pigment epithelial cells by the novel docosahexaenoic acid-derived mediator, neuroprotectin D1.J Biol Chem. 2009;284:17877–82. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Liu H, Li N, Kuang G, Gong X, Wang T, Hu J, et al. Protectin D1 inhibits TLR4 signaling pathway to alleviate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via upregulating IRAK-M.Free Radic Biol Med. 2024;210:42–53. [DOI] [PubMed]
White PJ, St-Pierre P, Charbonneau A, Mitchell PL, St-Amand E, Marcotte B, et al. Protectin DX alleviates insulin resistance by activating a myokine-liver glucoregulatory axis.Nat Med. 2014;20:664–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Waltrick APF, Radulski DR, de Oliveira KM, Acco A, Verri WA, da Cunha JM, et al. Early evidence of beneficial and protective effects of Protectin DX treatment on behavior responses and type-1 diabetes mellitus related-parameters: A non-clinical approach.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2024;133:111028. [DOI] [PubMed]
White PJ, Mitchell PL, Schwab M, Trottier J, Kang JX, Barbier O, et al. Transgenic ω-3 PUFA enrichment alters morphology and gene expression profile in adipose tissue of obese mice: Potential role for protectins.Metabolism. 2015;64:666–76. [DOI] [PubMed]
Shinohara M, Mirakaj V, Serhan CN. Functional Metabolomics Reveals Novel Active Products in the DHA Metabolome.Front Immunol. 2012;3:81. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Wang CW, Colas RA, Dalli J, Arnardottir HH, Nguyen D, Hasturk H, et al. Maresin 1 Biosynthesis and Proresolving Anti-infective Functions with Human-Localized Aggressive Periodontitis Leukocytes.Infect Immun. 2015;84:658–65. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Martínez-Fernández L, González-Muniesa P, Laiglesia LM, Sáinz N, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Escoté X, et al. Maresin 1 improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice.FASEB J. 2017;31:2135–45. [DOI] [PubMed]
Martínez-Fernández L, González-Muniesa P, Sáinz N, Laiglesia LM, Escoté X, Martínez JA, et al. Maresin 1 Regulates Hepatic FGF21 in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and in Cultured Hepatocytes.Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019;63:e1900358. [DOI] [PubMed]
Jung TW, Kim HC, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH. Maresin 1 attenuates NAFLD by suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress via AMPK-SERCA2b pathway.J Biol Chem. 2018;293:3981–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Laiglesia LM, Lorente-Cebrián S, Martínez-Fernández L, Sáinz N, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Burrell MA, et al. Maresin 1 mitigates liver steatosis in ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice.Int J Obes (Lond). 2018;42:572–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Martínez-Fernández L, Burgos M, Sáinz N, Laiglesia LM, Arbones-Mainar JM, González-Muniesa P, et al. Maresin 1 Exerts a Tissue-Specific Regulation of Adipo-Hepato-Myokines in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Modulates Adipokine Expression in Cultured Human Adipocytes in Basal and Inflammatory Conditions.Biomolecules. 2023;13:919. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Hansen TV, Vik A, Serhan CN. The Protectin Family of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators: Potent Immunoresolvents Enabling Innovative Approaches to Target Obesity and Diabetes.Front Pharmacol. 2019;9:1582. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]