Exploration of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases

Table 3. Tirzepatide effects on WAT and BAT.

Parameter	Tirzepatide
WAT browning	Enhances WAT browning; upregulates thermogenic genes even at low doses [59]
BAT thermogenesis	Increases BAT activity and BCAA catabolism, promoting energy expenditure [59]
Body composition	Reduced total body fat mass of 33.9%, compared to 8.2% with placebo [63]
Inflammatory markers in WAT	It may reduce inflammation indirectly via improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism [64]
Adipocyte lipid metabolism	GIP regulates adipocyte lipid metabolism by enhancing lipolysis and lipoprotein lipase activity [65]
Induction of lipolysis	Dual incretin agonists exert additional effects through modulation of glucagon signaling [66]

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BAT: brown adipose tissue; GIP: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; WAT: white adipose tissue; BCAA: branched chain amino acids.

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NT: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. The author read and approved the submitted version.

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