From:  Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual incretin agonists on adipocyte type and size

 Effects of GLP-1RAs on WAT/BAT (human study).

Study/Author (year)Study type/modelGLP-1RA usedBiological effects of WAT/BAT
Morano et al. [50], 2015Human clinical (ultrasound, 3 months)Liraglutide, exenatide↓ Abdominal subcutaneous and deep fat thickness
El Bekay et al. [53], 2016Human adipose tissue explants (in vitro)Liraglutide↓ Lipogenesis, ↑ lipolysis in SAT; anti-inflammatory effects
Chaudhury et al. [51], 2017Clinical reviewLiraglutide↓ Body weight, ↓ fat mass, and potential adipose redistribution
Liu et al. [49], (2022)Meta-analysis of 17 RCTs in T2D patients (n = 924)GLP-1RAs↓ Visceral and SAT area
Papakonstantinou et al. [57], 2024Molecular reviewSemaglutideHighlights the impact of semaglutide on adipose metabolism and energy homeostasis

BAT: brown adipose tissue; GLP-1RA: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; WAT: white adipose tissue.