Exploration of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases

Table 1. Effects of GLP-1RAs on WAT/BAT (animal study).

Study/Author (year)	Study type/model	GLP-1RA used	Biological effects of WAT/BAT
Ding et al. [58], 2006	Ob/ob mice (preclinical)	Exendin-4	↓ Liver fat accumulation; improves insulin sensitivity; indirect WAT benefits
Beiroa et al. [54], 2014	Rodents	Liraglutide	↑ BAT thermogenesis, ↑ energy expenditure, ↓ fat mass
Xu et al. [56], 2016	Obese mice, translational	Exendin-4	Browning of WAT, ↑ mitochondrial activity, ↑ UCP1 expression
Zhao et al. [52], 2019	Animal study	GLP-1RA (liraglutide)	Redistribution of fat: ↓ VAT, ↑ SAT browning, and fatty acid oxidation
Martins et al. [55], 2022	Obese mice	Semaglutide	↓ Inflammation in VAT, ↑ browning of subcutaneous WAT

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BAT: brown adipose tissue; GLP-1RA: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; WAT: white adipose tissue.

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NT: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. The author read and approved the submitted version.

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