From:  Modeling the progression of NAFLD: a multi-state Markov approach based on BMI classification in the Chinese population

 Influence factors affecting the progress of the S1→S2→S3 direction.

VariablesMaleFemale
S1→S2S1→S3S2→S3S1→S2S1→S3S2→S3
Age (year)1.277 (1.146–1.422)0.976 (0.916–1.039)0.900 (0.790–1.024)1.673 (1.483–1.889)1.291 (1.185–1.407)1.029 (0.861–1.230)
HUA1.411 (1.176–1.693)1.392 (1.261–1.536)1.114 (0.919–1.351)1.048 (0.723–1.520)1.488 (1.214–1.823)1.577 (1.148–2.167)
Abdominal obesity0.486 (0.380–0.622)3.168 (2.878–3.487)1.381 (1.105–1.728)0.713 (0.459–1.106)5.741 (4.910–6.712)1.308 (0.878–1.947)
Elevated TG1.946 (1.607–2.357)1.409 (1.266–1.567)1.035 (0.848–1.263)2.013 (1.528–2.651)1.563 (1.296–1.888)1.105 (0.824–1.483)
Low HDL-C1.314 (1.066–1.618)1.286 (1.151–1.438)0.949 (0.765–1.177)1.878 (1.535–2.297)1.756 (1.530–2.016)1.351 (1.018–1.794)
Elevated BP0.968 (0.813–1.153)1.204 (1.096–1.322)0.890 (0.732–1.082)1.181 (0.920–1.518)1.378 (1.170–1.624)0.807 (0.586–1.112)
Elevated FPG1.331 (1.075–1.648)1.161 (1.029–1.309)0.867 (0.689–1.095)1.701 (1.289–2.244)1.219 (0.994–1.496)0.758 (0.534–1.075)
ALT1.013 (1.006–1.019)1.013 (1.009–1.017)1.003 (0.995–1.010)1.012 (1.006–1.017)1.015 (1.010–1.019)0.997 (0.983–1.011)
AST0.984 (0.968–0.999)0.982 (0.973–0.991)0.996 (0.985–1.007)0.983 (0.968–0.998)0.975 (0.962–0.989)1.017 (0.992–1.043)
Hb0.998 (0.990–1.006)1.005 (1.001–1.010)1.002 (0.992–1.012)1.005 (0.996–1.013)1.003 (0.998–1.008)1.010 (0.997–1.023)
PLT1.002 (1.001–1.004)1.001 (1.001–1.002)1.000 (0.998–1.000)1.002 (1.001–1.004)1.005 (1.004–1.006)1.001 (0.999–1.003)
Return to article view

S1 (healthy state); S2 (NAFLD, BMI < 24 kg/m2); S3 (NAFLD, BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2). Binary covariates (HUA, abdominal obesity, elevated TG, low HDL-C, elevated BP, elevated FPG) use absence as a reference. Continuous covariates (ALT, AST, Hb, PLT) are treated as continuous. Age was categorized with < 30 years as the reference. Bold values indicate P < 0.05. HUA: hyperuricemia; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BP: blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; Hb: hemoglobin; PLT: platelets; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: body mass index.