From:  Prevalence and incidence of co-morbid lung disease associated with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank

 Prevalence and incidence of people with T2DM and/or chronic inflammatory lung disease in the UK Biobank population

Population groupingPopulation controlsT2DM
LeanOverweightObeseLeanOverweightObese
n (% of total)n (% of total)n (% of total)n (% of total)n (% of total)n (% of total)
ATotal160,723206,438112,2881,6295,6249,934
COPD702 (0.4)866 (0.4)641 (0.6) ****21 (1.3) ΔΔΔΔ87 (1.5) ΔΔΔΔ164 (1.7) ΔΔΔΔ
Asthma15,436 (9.6)21,603 (10.5) ****14,468 (12.9) ****179 (11.0)642 (11.4) Δ1,475 (14.8) *** ΔΔΔΔ
Bronchitis1,520 (0.9)2,121 (1.0) *1,363 (1.2) ****17 (1.0)56 (1.0)146 (1.5) Δ
Emphysema116 (0.1)150 (0.1)63 (0.1)2 (0.1)7 (0.1)14 (0.1) ΔΔ
Bronchiectasis403 (0.3)307 (0.1) ****127 (0.1) ****7 (0.4)11 (0.2)15 (0.2) *
≥ 2 lung diseases1,781 (1.1)2,340 (1.1)1,961 (1.7) ****65 (4.0) ΔΔΔΔ176 (3.1) ΔΔΔΔ492 (5.0) ΔΔΔΔ
BCOPD1,782 (1.1)2,265 (1.1)1,403 (1.2) ***52 (3.2) ΔΔΔΔ165 (2.9) ΔΔΔΔ352 (3.5) ΔΔΔΔ
Asthma2,047 (1.3)3,224 (1.6) ****2,190 (2.0) ****34 (2.1) ΔΔ131 (2.3) ΔΔΔΔ248 (2.5) ΔΔΔ
Bronchitis222 (0.1)344 (0.2) *257 (0.2) ****2 (0.1)22 (0.4) ΔΔΔ22 (0.2)
Emphysema312 (0.2)368 (0.2)157 (0.1) ***8 (0.5) Δ14 (0.2)30 (0.3) ΔΔΔ
Bronchiectasis534 (0.3)538 (0.3) ****273 (0.2) ****8 (0.5)29 (0.5) ΔΔΔ39 (0.4) ΔΔ
≥ 2 lung diseases1,225 (0.8)1,610 (0.8)855 (0.8)20 (1.2) Δ92 (1.6) ΔΔΔΔ191 (1.9) ΔΔΔΔ

Data was extracted for participants from the UK Biobank and grouped based on BMI category and the presence or absence of T2DM: (A) Prevalence of chronic inflammatory lung conditions in those with and without T2DM in the UK Biobank at time of recruitment and (B) Incident cases of chronic inflammatory lung conditions in those with and without T2DM in the UK Biobank. Incident cases were defined as those that were not present at recruitment but were recorded subsequently. Fisher’s exact test was performed. Data are presented as the total number (n) and the % of the total number at recruitment. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001 compared with corresponding lean controls with and without T2DM. Δ P < 0.05, ΔΔ P < 0.01, ΔΔΔ P < 0.001, and ΔΔΔΔ P < 0.0001 compared with those who did not have T2DM within the same BMI category. BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus