EA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MF: Writing—review & editing. MARJ: Writing—review & editing. ASS: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. A formal ethical approval was not required for this retrospective case report.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the patient.
Consent to publication
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.
Availability of data and materials
The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Funding
This research work did not receive any external funding.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
References
Shmueli H, Thomas F, Flint N, Setia G, Janjic A, Siegel RJ. Right-Sided Infective Endocarditis 2020: Challenges and Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment.J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9:e017293. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
El-Dalati S, Cronin D, Shea M, Weinberg R, Riddell J 4th, Washer L, et al. Clinical Practice Update on Infectious Endocarditis.Am J Med. 2020;133:44–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Iung B, Duval X. Infective endocarditis: innovations in the management of an old disease.Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16:623–35. [DOI] [PubMed]
Selton-Suty C, Célard M, Le Moing V, Doco-Lecompte T, Chirouze C, Iung B, et al.; AEPEI Study Group. Preeminence of Staphylococcus aureus in infective endocarditis: a 1-year population-based survey.Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:1230–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Voigt A, Shalaby A, Saba S. Rising rates of cardiac rhythm management device infections in the United States: 1996 through 2003.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:590–1. [DOI] [PubMed]
Gordon PR, Allen SA. Atypical infective endocarditis.J Am Board Fam Pract. 1999;12:391–4. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dickerman SA, Abrutyn E, Barsic B, Bouza E, Cecchi E, Moreno A, et al.; ICE Investigators. The relationship between the initiation of antimicrobial therapy and the incidence of stroke in infective endocarditis: an analysis from the ICE Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS).Am Heart J. 2007;154:1086–94. [DOI] [PubMed]
Nihoyannopoulos P, Oakley CM, Exadactylos N, Ribeiro P, Westaby S, Foale RA. Duration of symptoms and the effects of a more aggressive surgical policy: two factors affecting prognosis of infective endocarditis.Eur Heart J. 1985;6:380–90. [DOI] [PubMed]
Lodise TP, McKinnon PS, Swiderski L, Rybak MJ. Outcomes analysis of delayed antibiotic treatment for hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:1418–23. [DOI] [PubMed]
Ramos-Martínez A, Fernández-Cruz A, Domínguez F, Forteza A, Cobo M, Sánchez-Romero I, et al. Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis during Covid-19 pandemic.Infect Prev Pract. 2020;2:100080. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Linschoten M, Peters S, van Smeden M, Jewbali LS, Schaap J, Siebelink HM, et al.; CAPACITY-COVID collaborative consortium. Cardiac complications in patients hospitalised with COVID-19.Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2020;9:817–23. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG Jr, Tleyjeh IM, Rybak MJ, et al.; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Stroke Council. Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association.Circulation. 2015;132:1435–86. [DOI] [PubMed]
Bethencourt A, Rodriguez D, Ortet D, Brown TL, Kerna NA, Reimon J, et al. Atypical Presentation of Infective Endocarditis: A Case Report.Cardiol Res Cardiovasc Med. 2018;3:132. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Khedr A, Hassan EM, Hennawi HA, Jama AB, Khan MK, Mir M, et al. COVID-19-associated MRSA infective endocarditis and mitral valve perforation: a case report.Egypt Heart J. 2023;75:62. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Xie J, Wu W, Li S, Hu Y, Hu M, Li J, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) in China: a retrospective multicenter study.Intensive Care Med. 2020;46:1863–72. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Bangalore S, Sharma A, Slotwiner A, Yatskar L, Harari R, Shah B, et al. ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with Covid-19 - A Case Series.N Engl J Med. 2020;382:2478–80. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Maguire BJ, Guérin PJ. A living systematic review protocol for COVID-19 clinical trial registrations.Wellcome Open Res. 2020;5:60. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Quintero-Martinez JA, Hindy JR, Mahmood M, Gerberi DJ, DeSimone DC, Baddour LM. A clinical profile of infective endocarditis in patients with recent COVID-19: A systematic review.Am J Med Sci. 2022;364:16–22. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Barahimi E, Defaee S, Shokraei R, Sheybani-Arani M, Salimi Asl A, Ghaem HM. Bacterial endocarditis following COVID-19 infection: two case reports.J Med Case Rep. 2023;17:274. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Parizad R, Hatwal J, Brar A, Batta A, Taban Sadeghi M, Mohan B. Long-term cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing heart failure: a systematic review.Explor Cardiol. 2026;4:101284. [DOI]
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Colvin MM, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America.J Card Fail. 2017;23:628–51. [DOI] [PubMed]
Saad M, Omrani AS, Baig K, Bahloul A, Elzein F, Matin MA, et al. Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia.Int J Infect Dis. 2014;29:301–6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]