Exploration of Cardiology

Table 1. Baseline characteristics

Baseline characteristics	PAC low (n = 102)	SD/%/IQR	PAC high (n = 83)	SD/%/IQR	p-value
Patient characteristics
Continuous
Age (years)	61	55–68	64	59–69.5	0.035*
BMI	26.8	24.6–30.0	28.1	24.7–30.7	0.82
LV ejection fraction (%)	60	60–60	60	60–60	0.699
Left atrial diameter (mm)	38.5	36–41	40	37–44	0.049*
GFR (mL/min)	79.44	18.81	78.27	16.76	0.66
Categorical
Gender, male (%)	76	74.5%	61	73.5%	0.875
AF type paroxysmal (%)	69	67.6%	51	61.4%	0.38
Arterial hypertension (%)	89	87.3%	66	79.5%	0.156
Procedural parameters
Continuous
Procedural time (min)	138	120–179	145	115–172	0.659
Fluoroscopy time (min)	13.3	9.4–19	13.2	8.5–17.8	0.49
DAP (mGy/cm²)	6,640	3,934–11,111	6,250	4,170–10,640	0.694
Categorical
Rotational angiography (%)	92	90.2%	71	85.5%	0.331

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Parametric continuous variables are given as mean ± SD; non-parametric continuous variables are given as the median [interquartile range]; categorical variables are given as n (%); *: p < 0.05. PAC: premature atrial contractions; LV: left ventricle; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; DAP: dose area product.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

This study is part of Limburg Clinical Research Center, supported by Hasselt University, Jessa Hospital, and Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg. The support provided to this manuscript did not involve financial funding, and the institutions had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Author contributions

RH: Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing—original draft. JV: Writing—review & editing. ZA: Investigation, Writing—original draft. HVE: Investigation, Writing—original draft. PVDL: Investigation, Writing—original draft. TP: Writing—review & editing. PK: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Jessa Hospital Ethics Committee (2023/161) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

As this study is a retrospective study, informed consent, specific to this study, is not obligated as retrospective studies fall outside the scope of the Belgian Law of 7 May 2004 concerning experiments on the human person. However, following Belgian privacy law, the patient is informed about the possible processing of his personal hospital data through a signed document when the patient is admitted.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Due to privacy and ethical restrictions, the data are not publicly available, as they contain information that could compromise the confidentiality of research participants.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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