We thank the patient for allowing the publication of this report.
Author contributions
JF: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. WY: Investigation, Supervision. HX: Visualization, Writing—original draft. WP: Writing—original draft. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
Ethical approval
The study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki (2024 version). Our institution does not require ethical approval for reporting individual cases or case series.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the participant.
Consent to publication
The patient provided written informed consent for her case details to be published.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used are available from the corresponding author on request.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
References
Packer DL, Kowal RC, Wheelan KR, Irwin JM, Champagne J, Guerra PG, et al.; STOP AF Cryoablation Investigators. Cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary veins for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: first results of the North American Arctic Front (STOP AF) pivotal trial.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1713–23. [DOI] [PubMed]
Shao M, Shang L, Shi J, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Zhang L, et al. The safety and efficacy of second-generation cryoballoon ablation plus catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2018;13:e0206362. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Mol D, Renskers L, Balt JC, Bhagwandien RE, Blaauw Y, van Driel VJHM, et al.; Netherlands Heart Registration Ablation Committee. Persistent phrenic nerve palsy after atrial fibrillation ablation: Follow-up data from The Netherlands Heart Registration.J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2022;33:559–64. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Sánchez-Quintana D, Cabrera JA, Climent V, Farré J, Weiglein A, Ho SY. How close are the phrenic nerves to cardiac structures? Implications for cardiac interventionalists.J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005;16:309–13. [DOI] [PubMed]
Linhart M, Nielson A, Andrié RP, Mittmann-Braun EL, Stöckigt F, Kreuz J, et al. Fluoroscopy of spontaneous breathing is more sensitive than phrenic nerve stimulation for detection of right phrenic nerve injury during cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation.J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2014;25:859–65. [DOI] [PubMed]
Andrade JG, Dubuc M, Ferreira J, Guerra PG, Landry E, Coulombe N, et al. Histopathology of cryoballoon ablation-induced phrenic nerve injury.J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2014;25:187–94. [DOI] [PubMed]
Shigeta T, Miyazaki S, Isonaga Y, Arai H, Miwa N, Hayashi Y, et al. Phrenic nerve injury after atrial fibrillation ablation: different recovery courses among cryoballoon, laser balloon, and radiofrequency ablation.Clin Res Cardiol. 2025;114:72–82. [DOI] [PubMed]
Sargent SR, Mladenovic JR, Liaw JJT, Siller J, Russell PL, Tung MKY, et al. Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation-Influence of Modifiable Risk Factors and Ablation Modality on Procedural Efficacy and Safety.Heart Lung Circ. 2024;33:882–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Casado-Arroyo R, Chierchia GB, Conte G, Levinstein M, Sieira J, Rodriguez-Mañero M, et al. Phrenic nerve paralysis during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: a comparison between the first- and second-generation balloon.Heart Rhythm. 2013;10:1318–24. [DOI] [PubMed]