Multivariable regression analysis for in-hospital mortality
Variable
Unmatched
Matched
OR
95% CI lower
95% CI upper
P value
OR
95% CI lower
95% CI upper
P value
Age
1.049
1.016
1.083
0.004
1.085
1.030
1.142
0.002
Female gender
-
-
-
-
2.872
0.964
8.557
0.058
NYHA classification
1.355
0.912
2.013
0.133
1.068
0.626
1.822
0.809
HF
0.859
0.552
1.339
0.503
1.130
0.603
2.117
0.703
Previous cardiac surgery
2.193
0.889
5.411
0.088
2.604
0.700
9.689
0.154
Diabetes
1.283
0.426
3.864
0.658
1.214
0.272
5.406
0.800
Hypertension
2.373
0.974
5.778
0.057
3.281
0.743
14.481
0.117
Renal disease
0.815
0.484
1.372
0.441
0.840
0.409
1.724
0.634
PAD
0.691
0.266
1.798
0.449
0.282
0.065
1.233
0.093
Extent of CAD
1.072
0.674
1.706
0.768
-
-
-
-
LMS involvement
2.056
0.225
18.796
0.523
-
-
-
-
LVEF
1.236
0.683
2.237
0.483
-
-
-
-
AR
4.403
1.785
10.861
0.001
7.963
2.448
25.902
< 0.001
Cardiogenic shock
1.077
0.224
5.169
0.926
5.346
0.438
65.271
0.189
Preoperative inotropes
9.051
2.425
33.782
0.001
0.761
0.079
7.296
0.813
Preoperative intubation
0.558
0.091
3.429
0.529
0.437
0.027
7.064
0.560
Operative urgency
1.311
0.743
2.313
0.351
2.425
1.090
5.395
0.030
CPB time
1.011
1.007
1.015
< 0.001
1.015
1.009
1.022
< 0.001
Circulatory arrest time
0.994
0.967
1.021
0.659
0.997
0.990
1.005
0.471
Etiology-dissection
1.690
0.397
7.199
0.478
0.492
0.091
2.652
0.409
Etiology-aneurysm
1.231
0.454
3.338
0.684
0.896
0.251
3.197
0.866
Etiology-native valve IE
1.379
0.347
5.478
0.648
-
-
-
-
Etiology-prosthetic valve IE
0.514
0.112
2.348
0.390
-
-
-
-
Postoperative RRT
2.988
1.354
6.591
0.007
0.953
0.290
3.137
0.937
AR: aortic regurgitation; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; CI: confidence interval; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; CVG: composite valve graft; HF: heart failure; IE: infective endocarditis; LMS: left main stem; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; OR: odds ratio; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; RRT: renal replacement therapy
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support of Siobhan Daley and Andy Ryan from Department of Quality & Safety, Harefield Hospital. Abstract presented at the EACTS 38th Annual Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal, 9–12 October 2024.
Author contributions
MC: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. MYS: Investigation. FDR, TB, SKB, and JAG: Writing—review & editing. SGR: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was approved by the Harefield Hospital ethics committee (Q&S 15/02/2024) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was waived by the Harefield Hospital ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) but are available from the senior author on reasonable request (SGR, Email: drrajashahzad@hotmail.com).
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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