Univariable regression analysis for in-hospital mortality
Variable
Unmatched
Matched
OR
95% CI
P value
OR
95% CI
P value
Age
1.040
1.018–1.062
< 0.001
1.053
1.020–1.086
< 0.001
Female gender
1.725
0.990–3.005
0.054
2.221
1.049–4.706
0.037
BMI
0.974
0.926–1.025
0.314
0.982
0.915–1.055
0.629
NYHA classification
1.989
1.466–2.698
< 0.001
1.826
1.208–2.759
0.004
HF
1.523
1.134–2.045
0.005
1.627
1.075–2.462
0.021
Previous cardiac surgery
2.959
1.727–5.071
< 0.001
3.586
1.693–7.595
< 0.001
Diabetes
3.043
1.413–6.553
0.004
3.727
1.394–9.967
0.009
Hypertension
2.528
1.288–4.962
0.007
3.737
1.287–10.854
0.015
Smoking
0.721
0.472–1.101
0.130
0.868
0.511–1.474
0.600
Renal disease
1.785
1.267–2.514
< 0.001
1.881
1.176–3.009
0.008
COPD
1.464
0.658–3.253
0.350
1.122
0.324–3.879
0.856
Neurological disease
1.155
0.747–1.787
0.516
0.943
0.420–2.117
0.887
PAD
2.395
1.221–4.699
0.011
2.126
0.825–5.482
0.119
Preoperative AF
0.867
0.332–2.267
0.772
1.547
0.512–4.677
0.439
Extent of CAD
1.487
1.087–2.034
0.013
1.625
1.052–2.512
0.029
LMS involvement
5.260
1.226–22.560
0.025
2.412
0.274–21.280
0.428
LVEF
1.598
1.057–2.415
0.026
1.638
0.918–2.924
0.095
AS
0.555
0.288–1.070
0.079
0.582
0.234–1.449
0.245
AR
4.119
2.209–7.682
< 0.001
5.086
2.279–11.349
< 0.001
Cardiogenic shock
6.012
2.780–13.002
< 0.001
6.462
2.277–18.339
< 0.001
Preoperative inotropes
9.702
4.644–20.268
< 0.001
5.192
1.727–15.607
0.003
Preoperative intubation
5.371
2.158–13.372
< 0.001
5.486
1.349–22.304
0.017
Operative urgency
2.038
1.526–2.722
< 0.001
2.140
1.465–3.126
< 0.001
CPB time
1.011
1.008–1.1014
< 0.001
1.014
1.009–1.018
< 0.001
ACX time
1.002
1.000–1.005
0.057
1.001
0.999–1.003
0.217
Circulatory arrest time
1.022
1.007–1.037
0.003
1.023
1.006–1.040
0.006
Etiology-dissection
2.242
1.205–4.170
0.011
2.965
1.333–6.596
0.008
Etiology-aneurysm
0.491
0.283–0.851
0.011
0.400
0.191–0.836
0.015
Etiology-native valve IE
1.539
0.619–3.823
0.353
2.207
0.715–6.812
0.169
Etiology-prosthetic valve IE
1.497
0.501–4.478
0.470
1.496
0.181–12.339
0.708
Postoperative RRT
4.551
2.530–8.189
< 0.001
3.201
1.394–7.353
0.006
Type of procedure
0.843
0.493–1.443
0.534
1.595
0.772–3.295
0.208
ACX: aortic cross clamp; AF: atrial fibrillation; AR: aortic regurgitation; AS: aortic stenosis; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; CI: confidence interval; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; HF: heart failure; IE: infective endocarditis; LMS: left main stem; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; OR: odds ratio; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; RRT: renal replacement therapy
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support of Siobhan Daley and Andy Ryan from Department of Quality & Safety, Harefield Hospital. Abstract presented at the EACTS 38th Annual Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal, 9–12 October 2024.
Author contributions
MC: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. MYS: Investigation. FDR, TB, SKB, and JAG: Writing—review & editing. SGR: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was approved by the Harefield Hospital ethics committee (Q&S 15/02/2024) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was waived by the Harefield Hospital ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) but are available from the senior author on reasonable request (SGR, Email: drrajashahzad@hotmail.com).
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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