Table Info

Table 1.

Preoperative demographics of patients

Variable	Unmatched				Matched
Variable	Composite valve graft (n = 248)	Stentless aortic root (n = 346)	P value	SMD	Composite valve graft (n = 212)	Stentless aortic root (n = 212)	P value	SMD
Age, mean ± SD	56.5 ± 13.3	60.2 ± 14.8	< 0.001	0.263	57.5 ± 13.3	57.8 ± 14.8	0.413	0.021
Female, n (%)	51 (20.6)	97 (28)	0.019	0.174	47 (22.2)	45 (21.2)	0.407	0.023
BMI, mean ± SD	28.2 ± 6.3	27.4 ± 5.0	0.037	0.216	27.6 ± 5.4	27.7 ± 4.9	0.407	0.021
NYHA class, n (%)			< 0.001	0.268			0.459	0.01
I II III IV	62 (25) 66 (26.6) 89 (35.9) 31 (12.5)	54 (15.6) 89 (25.7) 137 (39.6) 66 (19.1)	< 0.001	0.268	43 (20.3) 59 (27.8) 83 (39.2) 27 (12.7)	39 (18.4) 65 (30.7) 81 (38.2) 27 (12.7)	0.459	0.01
Heart failure, n (%)			0.027	0.162			0.315	0.047
Never Past Now	199 (80.2) 12 (4.8) 37 (14.9)	252 (72.8) 25 (7.2) 69 (19.9)	0.027	0.162	170 (80.2) 11 (5.2) 31 (14.6)	173 (81.6) 12 (5.7) 27 (12.7)	0.315	0.047
Previous cardiac surgery, n (%)	34 (13.7)	107 (30.9)	< 0.001	0.202	33 (15.6)	40 (18.9)	0.185	0.038
Hypertension, n (%)	170 (68.5)	228 (65.9)	0.249	0.057	144 (67.9)	143 (67.5)	0.459	0.010
Tobacco use, n (%)			0.163	0.057			0.092	0.010
Never Past Current	133 (53.6) 90 (36.3) 25 (10.1)	165 (47.7) 148 (42.8) 33 (9.5)	0.163	0.057	116 (54.7) 73 (34.4) 23 (10.8)	102 (48.1) 82 (38.7) 28 (13.2)	0.092	0.010
Diabetes, n (%)	14 (5.6)	27 (7.8)	0.153	0.086	12 (5.7)	16 (7.5)	0.218	0.076
Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%)	94 (37.9)	144 (41.6)	0.182	0.076	82 (38.7)	85 (40.1)	0.383	0.029
COPD, n (%)	21 (8.5)	35 (10.1)	0.249	0.057	20 (9.4)	15 (7.1)	0.189	0.086
PAD, n (%)	30 (12.1)	35 (10.1)	0.223	0.078	22 (10.4)	21 (9.9)	0.436	0.087
Previous TIA/CVA, n (%)			0.010	0.198			0.145	0.088
TIA CVA	9 (3.6) 12 (4.8)	19 (5.5) 32 (9.2)	0.010	0.198	9 (4.2) 12 (5.7)	7 (3.3) 8 (3.8)	0.145	0.088
Preoperative AF, n (%)	24 (9.7)	29 (8.4)	0.293	0.045	20 (9.4)	16 (7.5)	0.244	0.068
Renal impairment, n (%)			< 0.001	0.353			0.219	0.075
Moderate Severe Dialysis	59 (23.8) 11 (4.4) 0 (0)	105 (30.3) 39 (11.3) 3 (0.9)	< 0.001	0.353	54 (25.5) 11 (5.2) 0 (0)	48 (22.6) 16 (7.5) 2 (0.9)	0.219	0.075
LVEF, n (%)			0.013	0.185			0.118	0.078
Good Moderate Poor	165 (66.5) 70 (28.2) 13 (5.2)	262 (75.7) 70 (20.2) 14 (4)			148 (69.8) 57 (26.9) 7 (3.3)	162 (76.4) 42 (19.8) 8 (3.8)
Left main stem involvement, n (%)	3 (1.2)	5 (1.4)	0.403	0.021	3 (1.4)	3 (1.4)	0.500	0.001
Severity of CAD, n (%)			0.008	0.207			0.288	0.054
Single Double Triple	14 (5.6) 11 (4.4) 3 (1.2)	39 (11.3) 17 (4.9) 12 (3.5)	0.008	0.207	13 (6.1) 11 (5.2) 3 (1.4)	21 (9.9) 9 (4.2) 4 (1.9)	0.288	0.054
Aortic valve disease, n (%)			0.057	0.132			0.382	0.029
AS AR Mixed	60 (24.2) 27 (10.9) 2 (0.8)	110 (31.8) 38 (11.0) 2 (0.6)	0.057	0.132	55 (25.9) 24 (11.3) 2 (0.9)	59 (27.8) 22 (10.4) 0 (0)	0.382	0.029
Existing pacemaker, n (%)	0 (0)	3 (0.9)	0.071	0.132	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.999	0.001
Cardiogenic shock, n (%)	16 (6.5)	16 (4.6)	0.166	0.080	12 (5.7)	7 (3.3)	0.121	0.096
Preoperative inotropes, n (%)	16 (6.5)	18 (5.2)	0.259	0.053	7 (3.3)	11 (5.2)	0.168	0.094
Preoperative IABP, n (%)	0 (0)	3 (0.9)	0.071	0.132	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.999	0.001
Preoperative intubation, n (%)	11 (4.4)	11 (3.2)	0.212	0.066	6 (2.8)	4 (1.9)	0.262	0.062
Operative urgency, n (%)			0.241	0.058			0.300	0.051
Elective Urgent Emergency Salvage	129 (56) 44 (17.7) 57 (23) 8 (3.2)	166 (48) 130 (37.6) 43 (12.4) 7 (2)	0.241	0.058	126 (59.4) 38 (17.9) 43 (20.3) 5 (2.4)	116 (54.7) 67 (31.6) 24 (11.3) 5 (2.4)	0.300	0.051
Aortic pathology, n (%)			0.268	0.061			0.289	0.059
Dissection Aneurysm Marfan Native valve IE Prosthetic valve IE Other	65 (26.2) 155 (62.5) 2 (0.8) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4) 23 (9.3)	17 (4.9) 134 (38.7) 2 (0.6) 38 (11) 26 (7.5) 129 (37.3)	0.268	0.061	48 (22.6) 141 (66.5) 1 (0.5) 2 (0.9) 1 (0.5) 20 (9.4)	12 (5.7) 101 (47.6) 2 (0.9) 25 (11.8) 8 (3.8) 66 (31.1)	0.289	0.059
Logistic EuroSCORE, mean ± SD	17.9 ± 17.7	25.8 ± 22	< 0.001	0.355	17.8 ± 17.8	18.1 ± 17.8	0.425	0.086
Follow-up (years), mean ± SD	4.7 ± 4.6	6.6 ± 4.6	0.486	0.028	4.6 ± 4.5	7.4 ± 4.7	0.511	0.031

AF: atrial fibrillation; AR: aortic regurgitation; AS: aortic stenosis; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; IE: infective endocarditis; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; SMD: standardized mean difference; TIA: transient ischaemic attack

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support of Siobhan Daley and Andy Ryan from Department of Quality & Safety, Harefield Hospital. Abstract presented at the EACTS 38th Annual Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal, 9–12 October 2024.

Author contributions

MC: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. MYS: Investigation. FDR, TB, SKB, and JAG: Writing—review & editing. SGR: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Harefield Hospital ethics committee (Q&S 15/02/2024) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was waived by the Harefield Hospital ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) but are available from the senior author on reasonable request (SGR, Email: drrajashahzad@hotmail.com).

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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