TTC: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. P values from chi-square test (categorical) or t-test (continuous). P values are two-sided; P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) to assist with wording/clarity and figure concept rendering. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
Author contributions
ID: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Visualization. PC: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. GKS: Supervision, Methodology, Validation, Writing—review & editing. NLW: Supervision, Methodology, Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study utilized de-identified, publicly available data from the 2022 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), a component of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). As the dataset contains no individually identifiable information and was accessed in accordance with HCUP data use requirements, this study was exempt from institutional review board (IRB) review under 45 CFR 46.101(b).
Consent to participate
The requirement for informed consent was waived as this study utilized de-identified, publicly available data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and met criteria for exemption under 45 CFR 46.101(b).
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The data analyzed in this study were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample (https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/). Requests for access should be directed to HCUP.
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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