Results of Kaplan-Meier survival curve for all tumors summarized.
| Variable | 30-month log-rank p-value | 60-month log-rank p-value | 120-month log-rank p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | 0.117 | 0.178 | 0.061 |
| Sex | 0.123 | 0.101 | 0.069 |
| Race | 0.729 | 0.637 | 0.543 |
| Radiation | 0.036 | 0.105 | 0.067 |
| Chemotherapy | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Tumor size category | 0.310 | 0.243 | 0.169 |
| Income | 0.478 | 0.673 | 0.554 |
| Rural-urban status | 0.818 | 0.889 | 0.767 |
| Prognosis group (II vs I) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Cancer subtype | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Bone metastasis | 0.017 | 0.028 | 0.084 |
| Brain metastasis | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.017 |
| Liver metastasis | 0.786 | 0.786 | 0.631 |
| Lung metastasis | 0.046 | 0.101 | 0.145 |
The supplementary table for this article is available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1012107_sup_1.xlsx.
The authors would like to thank the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine for its academic support and scholarly resources.
RM: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Project administration, Supervision. ZM: Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SK: Data curation, Formal analysis, Resources, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JJ: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. TA: Supervision, Project administration. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
This study utilized de-identified data from the publicly available Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database. As the dataset contains no identifiable patient information and involves no direct interaction with human participants, this study was considered exempt from Institutional Review Board review and the requirement for informed consent was waived, consistent with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
This study utilized de-identified data from the publicly available Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database. As the dataset contains no identifiable patient information and involves no direct interaction with human participants, the informed consent was waived, consistent with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Informed consent was waived because this study used publicly available, de-identified data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database, which contains anonymized cancer registry information collected for public health surveillance. No identifiable patient information was accessed.
Data is publicly available and submitted with the manuscript as supplemental materials. The data analyzed in this study were obtained from the SEER database. Requests for access to these datasets should be directed to https://seer.cancer.gov/data/access.html.
This study was not supported by any sponsor or funder.
© The Author(s) 2026.
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