Functions of pomegranate are described in Unani literature & formulations.
| S. No. | Af’aal | Action(s) | Use(s) | Part(s) used | Formulation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daaf-e-qay wa matli, daaf-e-qay’al-hamal [8, 11, 13] | Antiemetic [4] | Nausea vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) | Fresh fruit juice | Sharbat-e-Anar Sheerin |
| 2 | Daaf-e-hiddate safra | Anti bilious [2, 9] | Bilious disorders | Juice, syrup | Rubb e Anar |
| 3 | Hadim | Digestive [2, 5, 9] | Dyspepsia, acidity | Fruit rind, juice, flowers | Safoof-e-habb-ur-rummaan [4] |
| 4 | Muhallil-e-aurām | Anti-inflammatory [2, 9] | Stomatitis, gastritis, colitis, ulcers | Leaves, seeds’ juice, fruit rind | Barud-e-rummaan |
| 5 | Qabid | Astringent [2, 5, 9] | Diarrhea, dysentery, uterine disorders, leucorrhea, urinary incontinence | Fruit rind, seeds’ juice, flowers, bark | Safoof-e-habb-ur-Rumman [4] |
| 6 | Mudir-e-baul khafeef [8, 10] | Mild diuretic | Urinary infections | Seeds | Sharbat-e-Anar Sheerin |
| 7 | Dafe-attash | Anti-thirst [2, 4, 9] | Excessive thirst | Fresh juice | Sharbat-e-Anar Sheerin |
| 8 | Mubarrid, daafe bukhar | Refrigerant, antipyretic [2, 9] | Night sweats, malaria and seasonal fevers | Stem & root bark, juice, syrup | Sharbat Anar Tursh |
| 9 | Mukhrij-e-balgham | Expectorant [2, 5, 9] | Cough, bronchitis, whooping cough | Powdered flower & buds | Habb-e-Hindi Suaal [4] |
| 10 | Muqawwi-e-bah | Aphrodisiac [5] | Sexual debility [14] | Flowers | Jawarish anar murakkab |
| 11 | Mudammil e qurooh | Cicatrizing [5, 15] | Wounds | Flowers | Barud-e-rummaan |
| 12 | Muqawwi-e-aam | General tonic, antioxidant [5, 15] | Greying of hairs, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease [16] | Flowers, seeds | Mufarrah Azam Jawahar |
| 13 | Daafe afoonat | Antimicrobial [2, 9, 15, 17] | Infections [18, 19] | Flowers | Safoof Gulnar |
| 14 | Muwallide-khoon [8] | Hematinic [15] | Anemia | Fruit | Sharbat Anar Sheerin |
| 15 | Qatil kirm-e-shikam | Anti-helminthic [9] | Helminthiasis | Root bark | Dawae anar |
| 16 | Habis ud dam | Hemostatic [4] | Bleeding disorders [15, 20, 21] | Rind, flowers | Sufoof Istehaza [22] |
| 17 | Mushtahi [8] | Appetizer | Anorexia | Fruit | Jawarish Anarain [23] |
| 18 | Muqawwi meda, jigar wa qalb [4, 8, 10] | Stomach, liver & heart tonic [2, 5, 9] | Diabetes [24], hypertension [25], palpitations [26] | Fruit, flowers, plants | Safoof-e-Ziabetus Dolabi [27] |
The authors are thankful to Professor Abdul Wadood, former director, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, for giving us the opportunity to explore this medicinal fruit plant, and Mr. Ehtesham Ahmed, librarian, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, for providing all the required classical Unani textbooks for the literature review. During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used ChatGPT to generate Figure 1 and NotebookLM for creating Figure 2. After using the tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
MN, FR: Conceptualization, Data curation, Visualization, Formal analysis. MN: Writing—original draft. FR: Writing—review & editing. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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