Maternal food intake (g/day, mean ± SD) and body weight (g, mean ± SD) during gestation and lactation.
| Parameter | CD | RD | RD-P | RD-W |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food intake (g/day) | ||||
| Gestation Week 1 | 18.4 ± 1.2 | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | 9.1 ± 0.7 |
| Gestation Week 2 | 19.1 ± 1.4 | 9.6 ± 0.9 | 9.4 ± 1.0 | 9.5 ± 0.8 |
| Gestation Week 3 | 20.3 ± 1.5 | 10.1 ± 1.0 | 19.8 ± 1.3† | 10.0 ± 0.9 |
| Lactation Week 1 | 32.5 ± 2.8 | 16.8 ± 1.7 | 31.9 ± 2.6 | 17.2 ± 1.6 |
| Lactation Week 2 | 38.2 ± 3.1 | 19.4 ± 2.0 | 37.8 ± 3.0 | 19.1 ± 1.9 |
| Lactation Week 3 | 35.6 ± 2.9 | 18.2 ± 1.8 | 35.1 ± 2.7 | 18.0 ± 1.7 |
| Body weight (g) | ||||
| Gestation week 0 | 248 ± 12 | 245 ± 11 | 247 ± 10 | 246 ± 12 |
| Gestation week 1 | 262 ± 14 | 252 ± 12 | 254 ± 11 | 253 ± 13 |
| Gestation week 2 | 285 ± 16 | 258 ± 13 | 260 ± 12 | 259 ± 14 |
| Gestation week 3 | 318 ± 18 | 265 ± 14 | 268 ± 13 | 266 ± 15 |
| Lactation week 1 | 302 ± 15 | 258 ± 13 | 295 ± 14 | 260 ± 14 |
| Lactation week 2 | 288 ± 14 | 252 ± 12 | 282 ± 13 | 254 ± 13 |
| Lactation week 3 | 275 ± 13 | 248 ± 11 | 270 ± 12 | 250 ± 12 |
†: Indicates a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, Government of India. The authors also thank National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, the Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, National College, Tiruchirappalli, and Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, for providing the laboratory facilities and infrastructure necessary to carry out this research. The authors further appreciate the valuable contributions and dedication of all members of the research team involved in this study.
PGJ: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. GA: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. PAP: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation. RP: Formal analysis, Validation, Data curation. MH: Formal analysis, Validation, Data curation. MMJ: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Project administration, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version of the manuscript.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
The animal study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, India (CPCSEA Approval No. 1941/GO/RE/S/17/CPCSEA).
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are partly included in this published article. Additional data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
This work was supported by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, Government of India [F.No. 43-557/2014(SR)]. The funding agency had no role in the design of the study, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the article for publication.
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