Exploration of Foods and Foodomics

Table 6. The functional and proximate properties of optimized porridge.

Category	Data
Functional properties	Bulk density (kg/m³)	668.54 ± 3.04
	Tapped density (kg/m³)	845.72 ± 3.90
	Carr’s index (%)	20.95 ± 0.19
	Hausner ratio	1.2650 ± 0.0031
	Swelling index	0.4135 ± 0.008
	Swelling capacity (%)	186.05 ± 1.15
	Water solubility index (%)	10.23 ± 0.0292
	Water absorption capacity (g/g)	2.95 ± 0.0016
Nutritional composition	Moisture (g/100 g)	8.64 ± 0.06
	Protein (g/100 g)	10.92 ± 0.15
	Fat (g/100 g)	4.31 ± 0.09
	Ash (g/100 g)	6.44 ± 0.04
	Fiber (g/100 g)	3.63 ± 0.12
	Carbohydrate (g/100 g)	66.06 ± 0.22
	Calories (kcal/100 g)	346.71 ± 1.34

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The supplementary materials for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1010167_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Author contributions

AK: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SSM: Investigation, Writing—original draft. RK: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. RM: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. BP: Conceptualization, Supervision. SK: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Supervision, Validation. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee (Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, India, Project No. IEC-3343, dated 08/03/2025).

Consent to participate

Written consent was obtained from all the subjects after the procedure was explained to them.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

All relevant data supporting the findings of this study are provided as a Supplementary materials.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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