Exploration of Foods and Foodomics

Table 1. Reported ethnopharmacological uses of Scylla serrata.

S.L. No.	Part(s) used	Preparation(s)	Ethnomedicinal uses	Route of administration	Locale/Region	Source type	Plausible bioactive class	Proposed mechanistic rationale	Reference
1.	Fleshy tissue	Cook with telakucha (Cephalandra indica) leaf juice.	Pulmonary tuberculosis	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
2.	Fleshy tissue	Cook with the juice of tomato (Solanum esculentum).	Rheumatism of the elbow joint	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
3.	Fleshy tissue juice	Boil for 15 minutes with gulancha (Tinospora cordifolia) stem bark juice.	Urticaria and skin burns	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
4.	Fleshy tissue juice	Boil for 15 minutes with punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) stem bark juice.	Dropsy and body swelling	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
5.	Fleshy tissue juice	Boil for 15 minutes with ash sheora (Arista indica) root bark in the ratio of 3:1.	Stomatitis and abdominal pain	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
6.	Carapace ash	Combine with kurchi (Hollerhena antidysenterica) stem bark dust and apply with cow ghee.	Dropsy	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
7.	Dried and powdered leg	Combine with kurchi (Hollerhena antidysenterica) stem bark dust.	Boils	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
8.	Ashes of legs and carapace	Combine with lajjabati (Mimosa pudica) and prepare like a paste.	Haemorrhoids pain, burns, and bleeding	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
9.	Fleshy tissue	Combined with the root of alkushi (Mucuna pruriens).	Dropsy	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
10.	Paste of the burned crab	Combine with leaves of alkushi (Mucuna pruriens).	Bone fracture	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
11.	Fleshy tissue juice	Combined with the halud (Lindenbergia indica).	Chronic bronchitis and asthma	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
12.	Ashes of legs and carapace	Combined with the stem bark juice of am (Mangifera indica).	Haemorrhage and haemoptysis	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
13.	Fleshy tissue juice	Combine with an equal quantity of leaf juice of susni shak (Marsilea minuta) and boil for 15 minutes.	Insomnia	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
14.	Entire body content	Combine with unripe kala (Musa paradisiaca) and boil.	Skin burns	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
15.	Fleshy tissue	Cook with kulekhara (Hygrophila spinosa) leaves.	Rickets	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
16.	Entire body content	Combine with karabi (Nerium indicum) leaf juice and boil for 15 minutes.	Ophthalmia and copious lachrymation	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
17.	Fat	Combine with the seed powder of nata (Caesalpinia bonducella).	Measles	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
18.	Fleshy tissue juice	Combine with piyara (Psidium guajava) leaf juice and prepare a paste.	Ulcer and wound	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
19.	Entire crab	Boil the carb with young shoots or leaves of piyara (Psidium guajava).	Epilepsy and chorea	Oral	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
20.	Entire body content	Combine with the leaf paste of piyara (Psidium guajava) and prepare a paste.	Convulsion	External application	Sundarban, West Bengal, India	Ethnomedicinal survey among tribals	Not reported	Not reported	[13]
21.	Entire body content	Not reported	Old age, diabetes, and skin diseases	Not reported	Mizoram & Arunachal Pradesh	Primary fieldwork (empirical learning with traditional knowledge holders), and secondary data were gathered through available literature and online sources	Not reported	Not reported	[14]
22.	Entire crab	Cook or roast	Abdominal obesity in children	Oral	Rural Bangladesh—specifically floodplain freshwater (Maimals) and coastal (Jaladas) communities	Direct interviews and observations	Not reported	Not reported	[15]
23.	Flesh soup	Mix with lime and green pineapple.	Manage hookworm	Oral	Rural Bangladesh—specifically floodplain freshwater (Maimals) and coastal (Jaladas) communities	Direct interviews and observations	Not reported	Not reported	[15]
24.	Crab bone powder	Paste	Odeoma	Not reported	Rural Bangladesh—specifically floodplain freshwater (Maimals) and coastal (Jaladas) communities	Direct interviews and observations	Not reported	Not reported	[15]
25.	Entire crab	Flesh soup	Dysentery, muscle aches, aphrodisiac, enhancing eyesight, children’s urinary incontinence at night, and slight arthritis	Not reported	Rural Bangladesh—specifically floodplain freshwater (Maimals) and coastal (Jaladas) communities	Direct interviews and observations	Not reported	Not reported	[15]
26.	Flesh and bone	Ayurveda preparations (Karkataka bhasma-bone powder).	Constipation, rakta pitta, headache, tuberculosis, chronic cough, anemia, sexual debility, obstructed micturition, general debility, and neurological disorders	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	[16]
27.	Bone	“Arq-e-Sartan” and “Safuf-e-Sartan” (Unani medicine).	Chronic cough and tuberculosis	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	[16]
28.	Ash	Not reported	Biliousness, debility, haemoptysis, renal calculi, dysuria, and breast cancer	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	[16]
29.	Ash	Mix with ass milk	Scorpion and wasp stings	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	[16]
30.	Ash	Mix with honey	Dog bite wounds, vitiligo, piles, and inflammation	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	[16]
31.	Ash	Prepare an aqueous solution	Sore throat and diphtheria	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	[16]
32.	Entire crab	Soup	Reduce the symptoms of dengue fever	Oral	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	[17]
33.	Crabmeat	Nutritious soup	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	[18]

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Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India, for providing research facilities, institutional support, and academic resources that facilitated the completion of this work.

Author contributions

DN: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition. RS and BD: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

The financial assistance is provided by the JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India (REG/DIR(R)/JSSURF/29(1)/2010-11–05/12/201) with funding received by Deepika N.P. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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