From:  Anthocyanin-rich Berberis asiatica fruit extract: LC-MS based chemical profiling and evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and molecular docking study

 Antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts of B. asiatica.

Diameter of zone of inhibition (mm)
Plant fruit extracts/controlsM. luteus (mm)E. coli (mm)S. abony (mm)S. epidermidis (mm)A. niger (mm)C. albicans (mm)
80% methanolic extract41.0 ± 0.82a42.0 ± 0.75a38.0 ± 0.91a37.0 ± 0.88a26.0 ± 0.64a22.0 ± 0.71a
Hydroalcoholic extract39.0 ± 0.94b38.0 ± 0.86b33.0 ± 0.79b35.0 ± 0.92b28.0 ± 0.68a18.0 ± 0.74b
Hexane extract23.0 ± 0.88c27.0 ± 0.91c25.0 ± 0.96c18.0 ± 0.83c12.0 ± 0.65b15.0 ± 0.72c
Chloroform extract18.0 ± 1.12d15.0 ± 1.08dNA12.0 ± 1.15dNANA
Positive control (azithromycin, 1 mg/mL)45.0 ± 0.6845.0 ± 0.7232.0 ± 0.8438.0 ± 0.79NTNT
Positive control (fluconazole, 1 mg/mL)NTNTNTNT36.0 ± 0.8132.0 ± 0.76
Methanol (solvent blank)NANANANANANA
Hydroalcohol (solvent blank)NANANANANANA
Hexane (solvent blank)NANANANANANA
Chloroform (solvent blank)NANANANANANA

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Different superscript letters within the same column indicate significant differences among treatments [p < 0.05, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test where means with different letters indicate significant differences, and means with the same letters are not significantly different]. Positive controls: azithromycin (1 mg/mL) for bacteria, fluconazole (1 mg/mL) for fungi. Solvent blanks did not show any activity. NA: no activity; NT: not tested.