The values are expressed as log CFU/g (colony-forming units per gram). The superscript letters (a, b, d, e) indicate statistically significant differences between the sample means, analyzed by an ANOVA test followed by a Tukey test (p < 0.05). Samples marked with the same letter do not show a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). “ND” indicates that the measurement was not detected in the sample. ANOVA: analysis of variance.
Declarations
Acknowledgments
We extend our sincere gratitude to the thirteen cooperatives of the Draa‑Tafilalet region for generously providing samples and sharing their traditional know-how. We also warmly thank all organizations, administrations, and institutions whose support made this research possible.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
All data generated and analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author, Bouchra Ouhejjou at the following email address: bouchra.ouhejjou@inra.ma upon reasonable request.
Funding
The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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