Exploration of Foods and Foodomics

Table 2. Trace element concentrations in spices (μg/kg, mean ± SD, RSD = 4%, n = 3).

Element	Fenugreek (μg/kg)	Black pepper (μg/kg)	Turmeric (μg/kg)	Ginger (μg/kg)
Na	1,280.08 ± 51.20	853.20 ± 34.13	784.92 ± 31.40	14,886.23 ± 595.45
	1,294.60 ± 51.85	861.90 ± 34.48	791.70 ± 31.67	14,960.45 ± 598.42
	1,272.30 ± 50.76	846.10 ± 33.84	776.55 ± 31.06	14,795.80 ± 591.83
Mg	2,454.11 ± 98.16	3,015.45 ± 120.62	4,068.17 ± 162.73	3,886.90 ± 155.48
	2,475.90 ± 99.04	3,034.60 ± 121.38	4,090.45 ± 163.62	3,915.20 ± 156.61
	2,432.50 ± 97.30	2,990.80 ± 119.63	4,045.10 ± 161.80	3,854.60 ± 154.18
Al	217.61 ± 8.70	874.86 ± 34.99	524.81 ± 20.99	396.18 ± 15.85
	221.40 ± 8.86	881.75 ± 35.27	530.60 ± 21.22	401.30 ± 16.05
	214.05 ± 8.56	868.30 ± 34.73	519.25 ± 20.77	392.10 ± 15.68
P	3,832.67 ± 153.31	1,960.67 ± 78.43	2,696.19 ± 107.85	1,784.62 ± 71.38
	3,865.50 ± 154.62	1,982.45 ± 79.30	2,722.40 ± 108.90	1,806.75 ± 72.27
	3,798.20 ± 151.93	1,938.20 ± 77.53	2,671.60 ± 106.86	1,763.40 ± 70.54
K	25,901.22 ± 1,036.05	36,957.90 ± 1,478.32	47,506.56 ± 1,900.26	33,649.53 ± 1,345.98
	26,180.50 ± 1,047.22	37,220.10 ± 1,488.80	47,840.35 ± 1,913.61	33,895.70 ± 1,355.83
	25,640.70 ± 1,025.63	36,680.75 ± 1,467.23	47,210.20 ± 1,888.41	33,340.15 ± 1,333.61
Ca	916.20 ± 36.65	1,884.00 ± 75.36	818.56 ± 32.74	457.99 ± 18.32
	928.40 ± 37.14	1,902.35 ± 76.09	829.10 ± 33.16	463.80 ± 18.55
	904.70 ± 36.19	1,865.20 ± 74.61	808.45 ± 32.34	451.60 ± 18.06
Ti	40.16 ± 1.61	82.53 ± 3.30	108.27 ± 4.33	20.66 ± 0.83
	41.05 ± 1.64	83.40 ± 3.34	109.50 ± 4.38	21.10 ± 0.84
	39.30 ± 1.57	81.65 ± 3.27	107.20 ± 4.29	20.20 ± 0.81
V	5.30 ± 0.21	11.49 ± 0.46	13.36 ± 0.53	13.34 ± 0.53
	5.45 ± 0.22	11.70 ± 0.47	13.60 ± 0.54	13.55 ± 0.54
	5.15 ± 0.21	11.30 ± 0.45	13.10 ± 0.52	13.10 ± 0.52
Cr	5.67 ± 0.23	8.67 ± 0.35	7.60 ± 0.30	7.62 ± 0.30
	5.80 ± 0.23	8.90 ± 0.36	7.80 ± 0.31	7.85 ± 0.31
	5.55 ± 0.22	8.45 ± 0.34	7.40 ± 0.30	7.45 ± 0.30
Mn	22.87 ± 0.91	62.33 ± 2.49	85.99 ± 3.44	673.24 ± 26.93
	23.40 ± 0.94	63.70 ± 2.55	87.20 ± 3.49	685.50 ± 27.42
	22.30 ± 0.89	60.95 ± 2.44	84.75 ± 3.39	660.80 ± 26.43
Fe	184.32 ± 7.37	281.64 ± 11.27	10.64 ± 0.43	75.34 ± 3.01
	187.90 ± 7.52	285.40 ± 11.42	10.90 ± 0.44	77.10 ± 3.08
	180.80 ± 7.23	278.20 ± 11.13	10.40 ± 0.42	73.50 ± 2.94
Ni	5.78 ± 0.23	6.49 ± 0.26	7.02 ± 0.28	11.32 ± 0.45
	5.95 ± 0.24	6.70 ± 0.27	7.20 ± 0.29	11.60 ± 0.46
	5.60 ± 0.22	6.30 ± 0.25	6.85 ± 0.27	11.00 ± 0.44
Cu	46.12 ± 1.84	33.35 ± 1.33	22.03 ± 0.88	17.08 ± 0.68
	47.40 ± 1.89	34.10 ± 1.36	22.80 ± 0.91	17.60 ± 0.70
	45.10 ± 1.80	32.70 ± 1.31	21.30 ± 0.85	16.60 ± 0.66
Zn	47.61 ± 1.90	35.26 ± 1.41	21.11 ± 0.84	31.36 ± 1.25
	48.90 ± 1.96	36.10 ± 1.44	21.80 ± 0.87	32.10 ± 1.28
	46.40 ± 1.86	34.50 ± 1.38	20.50 ± 0.82	30.70 ± 1.23
Sr	33.94 ± 1.36	61.27 ± 2.45	16.16 ± 0.65	15.71 ± 0.63
	34.80 ± 1.39	62.60 ± 2.50	16.70 ± 0.67	16.10 ± 0.64
	33.10 ± 1.32	60.10 ± 2.40	15.70 ± 0.63	15.30 ± 0.61
Pb	3.71 ± 0.15	10.01 ± 0.40	5.63 ± 0.23	15.41 ± 0.62
	3.85 ± 0.15	10.35 ± 0.41	5.80 ± 0.23	15.90 ± 0.64
	3.60 ± 0.14	9.70 ± 0.39	5.45 ± 0.22	14.95 ± 0.60

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