Exploration of Foods and Foodomics

Table 4. Amino acid profile (g/100 g) of whole, embryo, and seed coat of Nigerian Malabar chestnut.

Amino acid	MCSC	MCE	WMC
Essential amino acids (EAA)
Leucine	4.70 ± 0.02^c	6.68 ± 0.03^a	4.88 ± 0.02^b
Lysine	2.10 ± 0.02^c	2.95 ± 0.03^a	2.60 ± 0.02^b
Isoleucine	2.91 ± 0.03^c	4.37 ± 0.02^a	3.10 ± 0.02^b
Phenylalanine	2.99 ± 0.02^c	4.46 ± 0.03^a	2.64 ± 0.03^b
Tryptophan	0.62 ± 0.01^c	1.24 ± 0.02^a	0.81 ± 0.02^b
Valine	2.36 ± 0.02^c	3.60 ± 0.03^a	2.61 ± 0.02^b
Methionine	0.82 ± 0.02^c	2.38 ± 0.02^a	1.09 ± 0.02^b
Histidine	1.11 ± 0.02^b	2.09 ± 0.02^a	1.08 ± 0.02^b
Threonine	2.29 ± 0.01^c	2.52 ± 0.02^b	2.59 ± 0.02^a
TEAA	19.90	30.25	21.40
Non-EAA
Tyrosine	1.91 ± 0.02^c	3.08 ± 0.02^a	2.22 ± 0.02^b
Cystine	0.81 ± 0.02^b	3.08 ± 0.03^a	0.75 ± 0.02^c
Alanine	3.20 ± 0.02^c	4.08 ± 0.02^a	3.51 ± 0.02^b
Glutamic acid	5.27 ± 0.03^c	12.89 ± 0.02^a	5.88 ± 0.02^b
Glycine	2.01 ± 0.02^c	3.83 ± 0.02^a	2.31 ± 0.02^b
Arginine	3.29 ± 0.02^b	10.21 ± 0.03^a	3.04 ± 0.03^c
Serine	1.86 ± 0.02^c	3.28 ± 0.02^a	2.15 ± 0.02^b
Aspartic acid	4.61 ± 0.02^c	7.85 ± 0.03^a	4.79 ± 0.02^b
TNEAA	22.96	48.29	24.65

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Values represent the means of three replicates ± standard deviation. Mean values followed by different superscripts within columns are significantly different according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p < 0.05), represented with a–c. Repeated superscript letters indicate that the means were not significantly different (p > 0.05). MCSC: Malabar chestnut seed coat; MCE: Malabar chestnut embryo; WMC: whole Malabar chestnut; TEAA: total essential amino acids; TNEAA: total non-essential amino acids.

Declarations

Author contributions

AIA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. DSA: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. Both authors read and approved the manuscript.

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