*: Significant at α = 0.05 when the confidence interval is entirely above 1 or below 1; **: all clusters combined.
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the College of Business and Administration and Accountancy (CBAA) and College of Engineering and Information Technology (CEIT) for the support and assistance they provided in the conduct of the study. During the preparation of this work, the authors used Grammarly and Chat-GPT for grammar checking and readability improvement. The authors reviewed the output carefully and take full responsibility for the final content of the manuscript.
Author contributions
MB: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Investigation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AC: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Investigation, Formal analysis, Resources, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SMN: Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The ethical approval is waived by the Letran Research Publication Department as the study involves minimal risk to participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association, ensuring that all ethical principles for medical research involving human participants were strictly followed.
Consent to participate
Participants’ rights, privacy, and confidentiality were protected throughout the study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
Consent to publication
Informed consent to publication was obtained from relevant participants.
Availability of data and materials
The raw data supporting the findings and conclusions of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data will be provided without undue restriction to any qualified researcher for the purpose of academic, non-commercial research.
Funding
The conduct of the research study was made possible through the generous funding of the Research and Publication Department (RPD) of the Colegio de San Juan de Letran—Manila. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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