Viable counts (mean ± SD) (× 108 CFU/mL) of L.rhamnosus GR-1 in probiotic yogurt treatments after 0, 2, 4, and 6 h of fermentation and 1, 15, and 30 days of storage.
A one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between mean microbial counts (mean ± SD) during 6 h of fermentation and 30 days of refrigerated storage in four probiotic yogurt treatments. A p-value of < 0.05 was statistically significant. In a row, mean microbial count values for each treatment followed by the same superscript letter (a)–(b) are not significantly different (p > 0.05). Treatment 1: 100% (w/v) cows’ milk; Treatment 2: 100% (w/v) cows’ milk with the addition of 2% (w/v) of flax seeds; Treatment 3: 100% (w/v) cows’ milk with the addition of 2% (w/v) hemp seeds; Treatment 4: 100% (w/v) cows’ milk with the addition of 2% (w/v) chia seeds. CFU: colony-forming units; L. rhamnosus: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; ANOVA: analysis of variance; LSD: least significant difference; w/v: weight per volume.
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Brescia School of Food and Nutritional Sciences at University of Western Ontario for providing the facilities that made this research possible.
Author contributions
HGA: Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SH: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The sensory evaluation involved in this study was approved by the Health Sciences Research Ethics Board at the University of Western Ontario (Project ID: 126226).
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participation in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.
Funding
This study was supported by Brescia Internal Research Fund [BA12]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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