Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
References
Dellon ES, Liacouras CA, Molina-Infante J, Furuta GT, Spergel JM, Zevit N, et al. Updated International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Proceedings of the AGREE Conference.Gastroenterology. 2018;155:1022–33.e10. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Hahn JW, Lee K, Shin JI, Cho SH, Turner S, Shin JU, et al. Global Incidence and Prevalence of Eosinophilic Esophagitis, 1976–2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21:3270–84.e77. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dellon ES, Muir AB, Katzka DA, Shah SC, Sauer BG, Aceves SS, et al. ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Am J Gastroenterol. 2025;120:31–59. [DOI] [PubMed]
Mishra A, Wang M, Pemmaraju VR, Collins MH, Fulkerson PC, Abonia JP, et al. Esophageal Remodeling Develops as a Consequence of Tissue Specific IL-5-Induced Eosinophilia.Gastroenterology. 2008;134:204–14. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Niranjan R, Mavi P, Rayapudi M, Dynda S, Mishra A. Pathogenic role of mast cells in experimental eosinophilic esophagitis.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2013;304:G1087–94. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Wright BL, Kulis M, Guo R, Orgel KA, Wolf WA, Burks AW, et al. Food-specific IgG4 is associated with eosinophilic esophagitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138:1190–2.e3. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Dellon ES, Guo R, McGee SJ, Hamilton DK, Nicolai E, Covington J, et al. A Novel Allergen-Specific Immune Signature-Directed Approach to Dietary Elimination in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10:e00099. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Oliva S, McGowan EC. Associations of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders with Other Gastrointestinal and Allergic Diseases.Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2024;44:329–48. [DOI] [PubMed]
Arnim Uv, Biedermann L, Aceves SS, Bonis PA, Collins MH, Dellon ES, et al. Monitoring Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Routine Clinical Practice - International Expert Recommendations.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21:2526–33. [DOI] [PubMed]
Liacouras CA, Furuta GT, Hirano I, Atkins D, Attwood SE, Bonis PA, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: Updated consensus recommendations for children and adults.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128:3–20.e6. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hirano I, Chan ES, Rank MA, Sharaf RN, Stollman NH, Stukus DR, et al. AGA institute and the joint task force on allergy-immunology practice parameters clinical guidelines for the management of eosinophilic esophagitis.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;124:416–23. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Aceves SS, Alexander JA, Baron TH, Bredenoord AJ, Day L, Dellon ES, et al. Endoscopic approach to eosinophilic esophagitis: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Consensus Conference.Gastrointest Endosc. 2022;96:576–92.e1. [DOI] [PubMed]
Abu-Sultaneh SMA, Durst P, Maynard V, Elitsur Y. Fluticasone and Food Allergen Elimination Reverse Sub-epithelial Fibrosis in Children with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:97–102. [DOI] [PubMed]
Lieberman JA, Morotti RA, Konstantinou GN, Yershov O, Chehade M. Dietary therapy can reverse esophageal subepithelial fibrosis in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: a historical cohort.Allergy. 2012;67:1299–307. [DOI] [PubMed]
Mayerhofer C, Kavallar AM, Aldrian D, Lindner AK, Müller T, Vogel GF. Efficacy of Elimination Diets in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21:2197–210.e3. [DOI] [PubMed]
Gonsalves N, Yang G, Doerfler B, Ritz S, Ditto AM, Hirano I. Elimination Diet Effectively Treats Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults; Food Reintroduction Identifies Causative Factors.Gastroenterology. 2012;142:1451–9.e1. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kliewer KL, Gonsalves N, Dellon ES, Katzka DA, Abonia JP, Aceves SS, et al. One-food versus six-food elimination diet therapy for the treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis: a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial.Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8:408–21. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Molina-Infante J, Arias Á, Alcedo J, Garcia-Romero R, Casabona-Frances S, Prieto-Garcia A, et al. Step-up empiric elimination diet for pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis: The 2-4-6 study.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141:1365–72. [DOI] [PubMed]
Rank MA, Sharaf RN, Furuta GT, Aceves SS, Greenhawt M, Spergel JM, et al.; Joint Task Force on Allergy-Immunology Practice Parameters collaborators. Technical Review on the Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Report From the AGA Institute and the Joint Task Force on Allergy-Immunology Practice Parameters.Gastroenterology. 2020;158:1789–810.e15. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Markowitz JE, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, Liacouras CA. Elemental diet is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents.Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:777–82. [DOI] [PubMed]
Peterson KA, Byrne KR, Vinson LA, Ying J, Boynton KK, Fang JC, et al. Elemental Diet Induces Histologic Response in Adult Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:759–66. [DOI] [PubMed]
de Rooij WE, Vlieg-Boerstra B, Warners MJ, Van Ampting MTJ, van Esch BCAM, Eussen SRBM, et al. Effect of amino acid-based formula added to four-food elimination in adult eosinophilic esophagitis patients: A randomized clinical trial.Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2022;34:e14291. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Peterson KA, Thomas KL, Hilden K, Emerson LL, Wills JC, Fang JC. Comparison of Esomeprazole to Aerosolized, Swallowed Fluticasone for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:1313–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Moawad FJ, Veerappan GR, Dias JA, Baker TP, Maydonovitch CL, Wong RK. Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Aerosolized Swallowed Fluticasone to Esomeprazole for Esophageal Eosinophilia.Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:366–72. [DOI] [PubMed]
Lucendo AJ, Arias Á, Molina-Infante J. Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitor Drugs for Inducing Clinical and Histologic Remission in Patients With Symptomatic Esophageal Eosinophilia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14:13–22.e1. [DOI] [PubMed]
Laserna-Mendieta EJ, Casabona S, Guagnozzi D, Savarino E, Perelló A, Guardiola-Arévalo A, et al. Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor therapy for eosinophilic oesophagitis in 630 patients: results from the EoE connect registry.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;52:798–807. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kuzumoto T, Tanaka F, Sawada A, Nadatani Y, Otani K, Hosomi S, et al. Vonoprazan shows efficacy similar to that of proton pump inhibitors with respect to symptomatic, endoscopic, and histological responses in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis.Esophagus. 2021;18:372–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Fujiwara Y, Sawada A, Ominami M, Fukunaga S, Otani K, Hosomi S, et al. Responses of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers According to Outcomes of Symptom, Endoscopy, and Histology in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.J Clin Gastroenterol. 2024;58:337–41. [DOI] [PubMed]
Remedios M, Campbell C, Jones DM, Kerlin P. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate.Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63:3–12. [DOI] [PubMed]
Noel RJ, Putnam PE, Collins MH, Assa’ad AH, Guajardo JR, Jameson SC, et al. Clinical and immunopathologic effects of swallowed fluticasone for eosinophilic esophagitis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2:568–75. [DOI] [PubMed]
Alexander JA, Jung KW, Arora AS, Enders F, Katzka DA, Kephardt GM, et al. Swallowed Fluticasone Improves Histologic but Not Symptomatic Response of Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10:742–9.e1. [DOI] [PubMed]
Franciosi JP, Gordon M, Sinopoulou V, Dellon ES, Gupta SK, Reed CC, et al. Medical treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;7:CD004065. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Lucendo AJ, Miehlke S, Schlag C, Vieth M, von Arnim U, Molina-Infante J, et al.; International EOS-1 Study Group. Efficacy of Budesonide Orodispersible Tablets as Induction Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Gastroenterology. 2019;157:74–86.e15. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hirano I, Collins MH, Katzka DA, Mukkada VA, Falk GW, Morey R, et al.; ORBIT1/SHP621-301 Investigators. Budesonide Oral Suspension Improves Outcomes in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Results from a Phase 3 Trial.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20:525–34.e10. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dellon ES, Katzka DA, Collins MH, Hamdani M, Gupta SK, Hirano I, et al.; MP-101-06 Investigators. Budesonide Oral Suspension Improves Symptomatic, Endoscopic, and Histologic Parameters Compared With Placebo in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Gastroenterology. 2017;152:776–86.e5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dellon ES, Woosley JT, Arrington A, McGee SJ, Covington J, Moist SE, et al. Efficacy of Budesonide vs Fluticasone for Initial Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial.Gastroenterology. 2019;157:65–73.e5. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Joshi S, Rubenstein JH, Dellon ES, Worthing N, Stefanadis Z, Chang JW. Variability in Practices of Compounding Budesonide for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116:1336–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Arora AS, Perrault J, Smyrk TC. Topical Corticosteroid Treatment of Dysphagia Due to Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults.Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:830–5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dellon ES, Woosley JT, Arrington A, McGee SJ, Covington J, Moist SE, et al. Rapid Recurrence of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity After Successful Treatment in the Observation Phase of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Trial.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18:1483–92.e2. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Philpott H, Dougherty MK, Reed CC, Caldwell M, Kirk D, Torpy DJ, et al. Systematic review: adrenal insufficiency secondary to swallowed topical corticosteroids in eosinophilic oesophagitis.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;47:1071–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Wolf WA, Cotton CC, Green DJ, Hughes JT, Woosley JT, Shaheen NJ, et al. Predictors of Response to Steroid Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Treatment of Steroid-Refractory Patients.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:452–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Greuter T, Godat A, Ringel A, Almonte HS, Schupack D, Mendoza G, et al. Effectiveness and Safety of High- vs Low-Dose Swallowed Topical Steroids for Maintenance Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Multicenter Observational Study.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:2514–23.e2. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Straumann A, Lucendo AJ, Miehlke S, Vieth M, Schlag C, Biedermann L, et al.; International EOS-2 Study Group. Budesonide Orodispersible Tablets Maintain Remission in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Gastroenterology. 2020;159:1672–85.e5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Straumann A, Conus S, Degen L, Frei C, Bussmann C, Beglinger C, et al. Long-Term Budesonide Maintenance Treatment Is Partially Effective for Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:400–9.e1. [DOI] [PubMed]
Cotton CC, Eluri S, Wolf WA, Dellon ES. Six-Food Elimination Diet and Topical Steroids are Effective for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Meta-Regression.Dig Dis Sci. 2017;62:2408–20. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Numan L, Kalot MA, Brotherton T, Tarakji A, Hamdeh S. Comparison of viscous budesonide and fluticasone in the treatment of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Ann Gastroenterol. 2023;36:511–6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Lee JJ, Fried AJ, Hait E, Yen EH, Perkins JM, Rubinstein E. Topical inhaled ciclesonide for treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130:1011. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Syverson EP, Hait E, McDonald DR, Rubinstein E, Goldsmith JD, Ngo PD, et al. Oral viscous mometasone is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8:1107–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Schaefer ET, Fitzgerald JF, Molleston JP, Croffie JM, Pfefferkorn MD, Corkins MR, et al. Comparison of Oral Prednisone and Topical Fluticasone in the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Randomized Trial in Children.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:165–73. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dellon ES, Rothenberg ME, Collins MH, Hirano I, Chehade M, Bredenoord AJ, et al. Dupilumab in Adults and Adolescents with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.N Engl J Med. 2022;387:2317–30. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hirano I, Dellon ES, Hamilton JD, Collins MH, Peterson K, Chehade M, et al. Efficacy of Dupilumab in a Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Adults With Active Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Gastroenterology. 2020;158:111–22.e10. [DOI] [PubMed]
Rothenberg ME, Dellon ES, Collins MH, Hirano I, Chehade M, Bredenoord AJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab up to 52 weeks in adults and adolescents with eosinophilic oesophagitis (LIBERTY EoE TREET study): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8:990–1004. [DOI] [PubMed]
Chehade M, Dellon ES, Spergel JM, Collins MH, Rothenberg ME, Pesek RD, et al. Dupilumab for Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Patients 1 to 11 Years of Age.N Engl J Med. 2024;390:2239–51. [DOI] [PubMed]
Lee CJ, Dellon ES. Real-World Efficacy of Dupilumab in Severe, Treatment-Refractory, and Fibrostenotic Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;22:252–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Camela E, Giampetruzzi AR, De Pità O, Pallotta S, Russo F. Dupilumab in real-life settings: a review of adverse events and their pathogenesis.Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2024;23:439–47. [DOI] [PubMed]
Garg A, Moond V, Velpari S, Broder A, Mohan BP. Real-world Effectiveness of Dupilumab in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.J Clin Gastroenterol. 2025;59:483–90. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dellon ES, Spergel JM. Biologics in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023;130:21–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Hirano I, Collins MH, Assouline-Dayan Y, Evans L, Gupta S, Schoepfer AM, et al.; HEROES Study Group. RPC4046, a Monoclonal Antibody Against IL13, Reduces Histologic and Endoscopic Activity in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Gastroenterology. 2019;156:592–603.e10. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dellon ES, Collins MH, Rothenberg ME, Assouline-Dayan Y, Evans L, Gupta S, et al. Long-term Efficacy and Tolerability of RPC4046 in an Open-Label Extension Trial of Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:473–83.e17. [DOI] [PubMed]
Rothenberg ME, Wen T, Greenberg A, Alpan O, Enav B, Hirano I, et al. Intravenous anti-IL-13 mAb QAX576 for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135:500–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Rothenberg ME, Dellon ES, Collins MH, Bredenoord AJ, Hirano I, Peterson KA, et al.; MESSINA Trial Investigators. Eosinophil Depletion with Benralizumab for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.N Engl J Med. 2024;390:2252–63. [DOI] [PubMed]
Stein ML, Collins MH, Villanueva JM, Kushner JP, Putnam PE, Buckmeier BK, et al. Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118:1312–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Straumann A, Conus S, Grzonka P, Kita H, Kephart G, Bussmann C, et al. Anti-interleukin-5 antibody treatment (mepolizumab) in active eosinophilic oesophagitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.Gut. 2010;59:21–30. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dellon ES, Peterson KA, Mitlyng BL, Iuga A, Bookhout CE, Cortright LM, et al. Mepolizumab for treatment of adolescents and adults with eosinophilic oesophagitis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Gut. 2023;72:1828–37. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Spergel JM, Rothenberg ME, Collins MH, Furuta GT, Markowitz JE, Fuchs G 3rd, et al. Reslizumab in children and adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129:456–63. [DOI] [PubMed]
Assa’ad AH, Gupta SK, Collins MH, Thomson M, Heath AT, Smith DA, et al. An Antibody Against IL-5 Reduces Numbers of Esophageal Intraepithelial Eosinophils in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Gastroenterology. 2011;141:1593–604. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hoy SM. Tezepelumab: First Approval.Drugs. 2022;82:461–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of NSI-8226 in Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis [Internet].[cited 2025 Aug 7]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06598462
Dose Escalation Study to Evaluate an Experimental New Treatment (CALY-002) in Healthy Subjects and Subjects With Celiac Disease and Eosinophilic Esophagitis [Internet].[cited 2025 Aug 7]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04593251?cond=NCT04593251&rank=1
Dellon E, Chehade M, Genta RM, Leiman DA, Peterson KA, Spergel J, et al. Results from KRYPTOS, a Phase 2/3 Study of Lirentelimab (AK002) in Adults and Adolescents with EoE.Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117:e316–7. [DOI]
Visaggi P, Barberio B, Del Corso G, de Bortoli N, Black CJ, Ford AC, et al. Comparison of drugs for active eosinophilic oesophagitis: systematic review and network meta-analysis.Gut. 2023;72:2019–30. [DOI] [PubMed]
Straumann A, Hoesli S, Bussmann Ch, Stuck M, Perkins M, Collins LP, et al. Anti-eosinophil activity and clinical efficacy of the CRTH2 antagonist OC000459 in eosinophilic esophagitis.Allergy. 2013;68:375–85. [DOI] [PubMed]
de Oliveira FD, Costa RC, de Santana Sato EDB, Khalil SM, Meine GC. Efficacy and Safety of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Dig Dis Sci. 2024;69:2530–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Lucendo AJ, De Rezende LC, Jiménez-Contreras S, Yagüe-Compadre JL, González-Cervera J, Mota-Huertas T, et al. Montelukast Was Inefficient in Maintaining Steroid-Induced Remission in Adult Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:3551–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Attwood SE, Lewis CJ, Bronder CS, Morris CD, Armstrong GR, Whittam J. Eosinophilic oesophagitis: a novel treatment using Montelukast.Gut. 2003;52:181–5. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Loizou D, Enav B, Komlodi-Pasztor E, Hider P, Kim-Chang J, Noonan L, et al. A Pilot Study of Omalizumab in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.PLoS One. 2015;10:e0113483. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Clayton F, Fang JC, Gleich GJ, Lucendo AJ, Olalla JM, Vinson LA, et al. Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults Is Associated With IgG4 and Not Mediated by IgE.Gastroenterology. 2014;147:602–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Straumann A, Bussmann C, Conus S, Beglinger C, Simon H. Anti-TNF-alpha (infliximab) therapy for severe adult eosinophilic esophagitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122:425–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Noble SL, Tyrrell R, Mules TC, Inns S. Non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose and monitor eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review.Front Med (Lausanne). 2025;12:1607306. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Eluri S, Runge TM, Cotton CC, Burk CM, Wolf WA, Woosley JT, et al. The extremely narrow-caliber esophagus is a treatment-resistant subphenotype of eosinophilic esophagitis.Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;83:1142–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Jung KW, Gundersen N, Kopacova J, Arora AS, Romero Y, Katzka D, et al. Occurrence of and risk factors for complications after endoscopic dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis.Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73:15–21. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hirano I. Dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: to do or not to do?Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:713–4. [DOI] [PubMed]
Dougherty M, Runge TM, Eluri S, Dellon ES. Esophageal dilation with either bougie or balloon technique as a treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;86:581–91.e3. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Dellon ES. Cost-effective care in eosinophilic esophagitis.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;123:166–72. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]