Biopsychosocial aspects in adolescents with asthma.
| Adolescent | Family and friends | School |
|---|---|---|
| Prevention, recognition, and management of mental health problems such as anxiety disorders, anxiety-depressive disorders, phobias, ADHD, and behavioral disorders | Parental education programs to improve the level of knowledge and self-confidence in managing their children’s asthma | Promote school participation and positive friendships |
| Education and development of cognitive/behavioral skills | Parenting programs for managing the difficulties in raising children and the stress caused by their adolescent child’s asthma | Conduct peer mentoring interventions so that newly diagnosed asthmatics can connect with experienced asthmatic peers |
| Recognition of preventive factors for mental health problems, such as resilience | Promoting positive affection from family and friends towards the adolescent with asthma | Training for schoolmates, school nurses, and physical education teachers on asthma and its implications |
| Regulation of risky or uncontrolled behaviors | Exploration of family resilience and modification of negative family behaviors towards the asthmatic adolescent | |
| Education and periodic review of the level of knowledge about asthma, perception of symptoms, and adherence to treatment (face-to-face, online videos, smartphones, or tablets) | Treatment of mental health conditions in family members living with the adolescent | |
| Promoting autonomy, self-efficacy, self-management, and responsibility | ||
| Identifying and improving difficulties in establishing friendships among peers | ||
| Promotion and supervision of physical activity, aerobic and recreational exercise | ||
| Complementary therapies for stress and anxiety management, such as yoga or mindfulness |
ADHD: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
We would like to thank Maribel Garrido and Rocío Ballesteros, both assistants at the SAVAL Center, for their collaboration in the search for scientific information for the preparation of this manuscript.
AV: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MM: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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The primary data for this systematic review were sourced online from databases listed in the methods. Referenced articles are accessible on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO Host, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additional supporting data are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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