Characteristics of the main studies on protective biopsychosocial factors.
| First author (reference) | Participants (n/age range) | Main findings |
|---|---|---|
| Leonard et al. [40] | 198 uncontrolled AA between 14 and 19 years old | In the AA, knowledge was significantly associated with disease prevention (p = 0.001) and self-efficacy (p < 0.001). |
| Sleath et al. [41] | 359 AA between 11 and 17 years old | The AAs with better levels of self-efficacy had higher levels of responsibility (p < 0.001), better control (p < 0.05), and better levels of quality of life (p < 0.001) related to the disease. |
| Turi et al. [42] | 197 AA between 13 and 19 years old | AA and anxiety were notably associated with the prevention of onset symptoms and mangagement the illness when presented, an effect which became less significant with higher levels of anxiety. AA with moderate generalized anxiety (not mild or severe) was associated with better management of existing symptoms, but not with better prevention of them. |
| Jenkins et al. [43] | 66 AA between 12 and 17 years old | In the AA, positive affection moderated the association between stress and asthma control (p = 0.009) and the association between psychological triggers and asthma control (p = 0.007). Calmness moderated symptom severity and stress (p = 0.036) and psychological triggers (p = 0.021). |
| Lawless et al. [44] | 41 AA between 13 and 17 years old | The AA with better sleep hygiene had better HRQL (p = 0.04) and attention for longer (p = 0.04) at school. |
| Valero-Moreno et al. [45] | 150 AA between 12 and 16 years old | The best parental mood had a positive effect on self-esteem (p < 0.01), a negative effect on the perception of threat to the disease (p < 0.05), and a positive effect on the quality of life (p < 0.01) of the AA. |
| Valero-Moreno et al. [46] | 150 AA between 12 and 16 years old | AAs who had parents with better moods or who were subjected to less psychological control had a better quality of life. |
| Nabors et al. [47] | 1,523 AA between 12 and 17 years old | AA with behavioral problems, anxiety, or depression, who reported fewer problems making and keeping friends, were more likely to have better personal development (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). |
| Nabors et al. [48] | 2,589 AA between 10 and 17 years old | AA members who had mentors and friendship skills had more family resilience (p < 0.01 for both variables). Young people with few or no problems making friends had fewer emotional and developmental problems and were less likely to seek emergency care (p < 0.01 for all variables). |
| Schacter et al. [49] | 440 AA between 14 and 21 years old | AA with better peer support had greater self-efficacy in managing their asthma, lower frequency of anxiety and depression (p < 0.00 for all comparisons). |
AA: adolescents with asthma; HRQL: health-related quality of life.
We would like to thank Maribel Garrido and Rocío Ballesteros, both assistants at the SAVAL Center, for their collaboration in the search for scientific information for the preparation of this manuscript.
AV: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MM: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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The primary data for this systematic review were sourced online from databases listed in the methods. Referenced articles are accessible on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO Host, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additional supporting data are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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