Characteristics of the main studies on internalizing and externalizing problems.
| First author [reference] | Participants (n/age range) | Main findings |
|---|---|---|
| Keller et al. [18] | 937 adolescents between 11 and 18 years old | Parents of AA reported a significantly higher percentage of internalizing problems and peer relationship problems (p = 0.022 and 0.001, respectively), while the AA self-report was only significant in peer relationship difficulties (p = 0.004). |
| Felix et al. [19] | 66,567 students between 12 and 17 years old | AA had a significantly higher prevalence of common mental disorders (anxiety or depression) than those without asthma (p < 0.00001). |
| Licari et al. [20] | 40 AA aged 12 to 17 years | Anxiety rates sustained at 60% within a group of adolescents with severe asthma. Furthermore, depression was only found in adolescents who had both asthma and comorbid anxiety. |
| Wu et al. [21] | 162,766 adolescents between 11 and 16 years old | Patients with asthma had a higher risk of panic disorder than those without asthma (aHR: 1.70), a risk that increased in those who started smoking early (aHR: 4.95). Patients who were hospitalized or visited in the emergency department also had a higher risk of panic disorder (aHR: 2.07). |
| Valero-Moreno et al. [22] | 450 adolescents between 12 and 16 years old | AA had lower averages on the self-esteem scale than their healthy peers (p ≤ 0.001). |
| Park et al. [23] | 57,303 students aged 12 to 18 | AAs who experienced a significant degree of stress were 9 times more likely to have depression (p < 0.001) than adolescents not exposed to stress. |
| Chen et al. [24] | 153,526 adolescents between 11 and 16 years old | The suicide HR was higher in adolescents with current or previous asthma than in those without asthma (HR = 1.95 and 2.01, respectively). |
| Azzi et al. [25] | 604 teenagers between 12 and 18 years old | AA had more somatic complaints (p < 0.001), attention problems (p = 0.032), and behavioral problems (p = 0.025) than those who were not asthmatic. |
AA: adolescents with asthma; aHR: adjusted hazard ratio; HR: hazard ratio.
We would like to thank Maribel Garrido and Rocío Ballesteros, both assistants at the SAVAL Center, for their collaboration in the search for scientific information for the preparation of this manuscript.
AV: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MM: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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The primary data for this systematic review were sourced online from databases listed in the methods. Referenced articles are accessible on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO Host, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additional supporting data are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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