Distribution of carpenters surveyed according to background (N = 144).
| Variables | Number | (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Personal atopy | 61 | 42.4 |
| History of allergic rhinitis | 42 | 29.2 |
| History of urticaria | 23 | 16.0 |
| History of allergic conjunctivitis | 20 | 13.9 |
| History of eczema | 2 | 1.4 |
| Family atopy | 22 | 15.3 |
| Personal history of asthma | 5 | 3.5 |
| Family history of asthma | 24 | 16.7 |
| Smoking | ||
| Non-smoker | 128 | 88.9 |
| Daily smoker | 13 | 9.0 |
| Occasional smoker | 2 | 1.4 |
| Ex-smoker | 1 | 0.7 |
The authors thank all the carpenters in Parakou, Benin, who participated in this study.
ME: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Validation, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. IMC: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. DA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft. APW: Validation, Writing—review & editing. GA: Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
The protocol was submitted to the Local Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research at the University of Parakou, which granted prior approval (REF: 776/2024/CLERB-UP/P/SP/R/SA). Authorizations were obtained from the Borgou Departmental Health Directorate and the Parakou Town Hall. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association.
Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The anonymity and confidentiality of collected data were strictly maintained.
Informed consent to publication was obtained from all participants.
Data are kept confidential by the first author and can be made available upon reasonable request.
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
© The Author(s) 2026.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.