Table Info

Table 1.

The summary of peptide-^99mTc complexes in radio imaging

Entry	Peptide-^99mTc complexes	Target cells or receptors	Uptake by target (% ID/g)	Biodistribution	Current applications	Advantages	Reference
1	^99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-BBN_(7–14)	BBN-positive tumor cells, Capan-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma	0.47–9.31	Tumors, spleen, the liver, and muscles	Imaging of breast tumors	Rapid clearance by renal excretion, higher uptake by tumors	[45, 46]
2	^99mTc-MAG3-Ahx-DUP1	DU-145 prostate and PC-3 cells	1.23	Tumors, pancreas, spleen, lung, liver, and kidney	Diagnosis of prostate carcinoma	Rapid clearance	[50]
3	^99mTc-MAG3-cMORF	PC-3 cells	2.58	Tumors, kidney, intestines, and liver	Imaging of lymph nodes bearing tumor cells	High tumor uptake	[73]
4	^99mTc-lanreotide	Neuroendocrine-active tumors	Not determined	Intestine, kidney, lung, and liver	Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors	-	[79]
5	^99mTc-HYNIC-Tyr³-OCT	Somatostatin receptors	1.65–19.12	Pancreas, intestine, stomach, lung, and blood	Imaging of sentinel lymph nodes	High somatostatin receptor uptake	[80, 81]
6	^99mTc-HYNIC-Tyr³-octreotate	Somatostatin receptors	1.0–26.0	Pancreas, intestine, stomach, lung, and blood	Imaging of sentinel lymph nodes	High somatostatin receptor uptake	[80, 81]
7	^99mTc-HYNIC-exendin_(9–39)-OCT	GLP-1 receptors	2.71	Tumors, blood, and kidney	Detection of malignant insulinomas pancreatic tumors	Rapid clearance	[89–92]
8	^99mTc-HYNIC-c(RGDyK)	α_vβ₃-integrin-receptor-positive M21 melanoma cells	2.73	Tumors, intestine, and kidney	Imaging of integrin α_vβ₃ in coronary arterial and peripheral vascular angiogenesis	Low blood retention, low liver, and muscle uptakes	[99]
9	MAG3-PEG8-c(RGDyK)	SK-MEL-28 cells	7.85	Tumors, intestine, liver, and kidney	Early diagnosis of malignant melanoma	Stable internalization until 120 min	[102, 103]
10	^99mTc-HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)]₂	Severely devascularized bone	4.2	Bone	Imaging of osteonecrosis	Remarkable renal excretion	[105]
11	^99mTc-HYNIC-GGC-Au NPs	α_vβ₃-integrin-receptor-positive M21 melanoma cells	8.18	Tumors, pancreas, liver, and kidney	Imaging of tumor α_vβ₃ expression	High spatial resolution	[106]
12	^99mTc-HYNIC-PEG4-c(GX1)	Glioma U87MG cells	1.52	Tumors, blood, liver, kidney, and intestines	Targeting angiogenesis in glioma tumors	-	[113–115]
13	^99mTc-HYNIC-E-[c(RGDyK)-c(GX1)]	Glioma U87MG cells	2.96	Tumors, blood, liver, kidney, and intestines	Targeting angiogenesis in glioma tumors	Great renal excretion	[113–115]
14	^99mTc(CO)₃-GRGDHV	C6 tumorigenic cells	1.57	Brain, heart, spleen, lung, liver, and kidney	Imaging of tumor α_vβ₃ expression	Hydrophilic character	[117, 118]
15	^99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-NT_(8–13)	Tumor cells	> 18.1	Tumors, lung, blood, and kidneys	Tumor imaging	Low uptake in liver and intestine, high uptake, and fast clearance from the blood	[122, 123]
16	^99mTc-LyeTx I-K-HYNIC	Bacterial infection	-	Not determined	Infection imaging	-	[128]
17	^99mTc-UBI_(29–41)	Infected tissues	-	Not determined	Diagnosis of musculoskeletal and postsurgical spinal infections	-	[136–139]

-: no data. ^99mTc: technetium-99m; Ahx: aminohexanoic acid; BBN: bombesin; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1; GRGDHV: Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-His-Val; GX1: Cys-Gly-Asn-Ser-Asn-Pro-Lys-Ser-Cys; HYNIC: hydrazinonicotinic acid; ID: injected dose; MAG3: mercaptoacetyltriglycine; MORF: morpholino oligomer; NPs: nanoparticles; NT: neurotensin; OCT: octreotide; PC-3: prostate cancer-3

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge Iran National Science Foundation (INSF, grant no 99029802) for the financial support.

Author contributions

VFV: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SB: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition.

Conflicts of interest

Both authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This study was funded by Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) [99029802]. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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