Other natural products (NPs) with immunomodulatory effects
Source | Taxonomic species | NP | References |
---|---|---|---|
Fungi | Cordyceps sinensis | Cordycepin | [76, 77] |
Insects | Apis mellifera | Propolis | [78, 79] |
Various species | Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium | Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium | [80, 81] |
Algae | Spirulina platensis | Phycocyanin | [82, 83] |
Marine organisms | Haliotis diversicolor | Abalone Haliotis peptide | [84, 85] |
Sargassum fusiform | Fucoidans | [86, 87] | |
Algae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp, and crayfish | Astaxanthin | [88, 89] | |
Cartilage | Shark and bovine cartilage | Chondroitin sulfate | [90, 91] |
Fish | Fish oil | Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) | [92, 93] |
We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Department of Health Research (DHR), Government of India, Women Scientist Scheme (File No.R.12013/21/2022-HR dated 30/03/2022), which enabled the completion of this review paper. Additionally, we extend our gratitude to the University of Kerala for its institutional support. We sincerely appreciate the resources and facilities provided by both institutions that contributed to the successful completion of this work.
MGP: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. HA: Writing—review & editing, Supervision. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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This study was supported by Women Scientist Scheme, Department of Health Research (DHR), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India [File No.R.12013/21/2022-HR]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
© The Author(s) 2024.