Exploration of Drug Science

Non-opioid medications	Other interventions	Non-pharmacologic strategies
Gabapentin, pregabalin, ketamine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acetaminophen	Epidural, intravenous (IV) lidocaine, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)	Physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Declarations

Author contributions

AMC and SY equally contributed to: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JT, SP, and BLW: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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