Exploration of Drug Science

Table 2. Organism-specific antimicrobial resistance percentages among bacterial isolates recovered from high vaginal swab specimens.

Antibiotic	Citrobacter spp. (%)	Escherichia coli (%)	Klebsiella spp. (%)	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (%)	Staphylococcus aureus (%)
Amikacin	25.0	18.8	20.0	28.6	NT
Cefoxitin	NT	NT	NT	NT	79.1
Ceftazidime	87.5	88.2	90.0	100.0	NT
Chloramphenicol	12.5	11.8	0.0	14.3	11.8
Ciprofloxacin	62.5	64.7	80.0	71.4	74.5
Clarithromycin	NT	NT	NT	NT	83.6
Erythromycin	NT	NT	NT	NT	80.9
Gentamicin	100.0	77.6	90.0	85.7	20.9
Imipenem	25.0	11.8	0.0	14.3	NT
Levofloxacin	87.5	72.9	70.0	85.7	80.9
Linezolid	NT	NT	NT	NT	15.5
Meropenem	62.5	51.8	50.0	100.0	NT
Penicillin	NT	NT	NT	NT	77.3
Piperacillin	37.5	31.8	60.0	14.3	NT
Sulphamethoxazole	50.0	25.9	20.0	42.9	30.9
Vancomycin	NT	NT	NT	NT	10.9

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NT: not tested.

Declarations

Author contributions

MM: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft. SQAS: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administration, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing—review & editing. HN: Conceptualization, Supervision, Investigation, Data curation, Writing—review & editing. FH: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. MUG: Investigation, Resources, Writing—review & editing. MG: Data curation, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. MA: Formal analysis, Software, Investigation, Visualization. RA: Formal analysis, Software, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors contributed to the manuscript, reviewed the final version, and approved it for submission.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was conducted using anonymized retrospective laboratory-derived bacterial isolate data obtained during routine diagnostic procedures. No personally identifiable patient information was accessed during data collection, analysis, or manuscript preparation. According to institutional policies for retrospective studies using anonymized microbiological data, formal ethical approval was waived. All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

Not required.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher upon reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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