Exploration of Drug Science

Table 2. Anti-inflammatory effects of E. camaldulensis fractions on egg albumin-induced rat paw oedema.

Treatment group	Baseline paw size (mm)	Paw oedema size (mm) per time (h)
Treatment group	Baseline paw size (mm)	1	2	3	4
NS	3.56 ± 0.02^c	7.2 ± 0.26^c	6.78 ± 0.21^a	5.96 ± 0.26^a	5.88 ± 0.50^a
N-HEX (100 mg/kg)	3.21 ± 0.01^c	5.30 ± 0.23^a (26%)	4.80 ± 0.03^b (29%)	4.24 ± 0.16^b (29%)	3.38 ± 0.09^c (43%)
DCM (100 mg/kg)	3.51 ± 0.03^c	5.55 ± 0.32^a (23%)	4.58 ± 0.22^b (32%)	4.32 ± 0.14^b (28%)	3.86 ± 0.16^b (34%)
EtOAc (100 mg/kg)	3.09 ± 0.02^b	4.98 ± 0.21^b (31%)	4.88 ± 0.13^b (28%)	4.14 ± 0.19^b (31%)	4.02 ± 0.13^b (32%)
AQ (100 mg/kg)	3.12 ± 0.05^b	5.52 ± 0.20^a (23%)	4.40 ± 0.20^b (35%)	4.50 ± 0.23^b (24%)	3.76 ± 0.15^b (36%)
Aspirin	4.03 ± 0.17^a	6.72 ± 0.21^a (7%)	6.58 ± 0.22^a (3%)	5.50 ± 0.28^a (8%)	5.05 ± 0.15^a (14%)

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N-HEX: n-hexane; DCM: dichloromethane; EtOAc: ethyl acetate; AQ: aqueous. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Values with different superscripts (a, b and c) within columns are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Declarations

Author contributions

KOF: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision. OEE: Investigation, Methodology, Data curation. SAO: Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. AUN: Investigation, Methodology, Data curation. SAA: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. EAO: Investigation, Project administration, Writing—review & editing. BOM: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. GA: Investigation, Supervision. MOB: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. SOF: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was performed according to the ethical clearance of the Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria (HREC NO: IPHOAU/12/1772).

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.

Funding

No funding was received for the study.

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